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Pathophysiology > Exam 3: Respiratory > Flashcards

Exam 3: Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

What is hypercapnia?

A

Excessive carbon dioxide in the blood stream due to inadequate breathing

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2
Q

What is hypocapnia?

A

Inadequate carbon dioxide in the blood stream due to deep or rapid breathing

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3
Q

What is hypoxic drive?

A

Low levels of oxygen then stimulate the respiratory drive

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4
Q

What is carbonic drive?

A

Normal and is stimulated by elevated levels of CO2

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5
Q

What is dyspnea?

A

Difficulty breathing

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6
Q

What is apnea?

A

No breathing

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7
Q

What is orthopnea?

A

Difficulty breathing while lying down

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8
Q

What is clubbing a sign of?

A

Chronic hypoxia

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9
Q

What is paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?

A

Awakening from sleep with shortness of breath and need to sit upright to feel at ease

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10
Q

What is Hemoptysis ?

A

Coughing up blood

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11
Q

What is emphysema?

A

Alveolar sacs pop

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12
Q

How is TB transported?

A

Repertory droplets

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13
Q

What causes TB

A

Mycobacterium TB which is an acid fast bacillus

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14
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of TB?

A
  • dry cough
  • fatguie
  • malaise
  • anorexia
  • weight loss
  • low grade fevers
  • night sweats
  • dyspnea
    -hemoptysis
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15
Q

What are the complications of TB?

A
  • respiratory failure
  • pleural effusions
  • angina
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16
Q

What are the different types of influenza?

A

A, B, C

17
Q

What is influenza A and B responsible for?

A

Annual regional flu epidemics (flu season)

18
Q

What is influenza c responsible for?

A

Mild illness but not epidemics or pandemics

19
Q

How is the flu transmitted?

A
  • person to person via respiratory droplets
20
Q

How does the influenza virus spread?

A
  • multiply and spread throughout the cells lining of the URT
21
Q

What happens if the influenza virus manages to infect the LRT?

A
  • pt usually develop pneumonia
  • weakens the immune system
22
Q

What are the risk factors for influenza viral infection?

A
  • children 5 years of age
  • adults over 65
  • pt who are pregnant
  • chronic heart or lung disease
23
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of the flu?

H, F, C, FAT, W, MAA, RN, ND, ST, C

A
  • headaches
    -fever
    -chills
    -fatigue
    -weakness
  • muscle aches
    -runny nose, watery nasal discharge
  • sore throat
    -cough
24
Q

What is a complication of influence B?

A

GI problems like nausea and vomiting

25
Q

What are the diagnostics test available to diagnose influenza?

RMA, RIDT

A
  • rapid molecular assay
  • rapid influenza diagnostic test
26
Q

What do the influenza diagnostic test detect?

A

detect viral RNA

27
Q

What is Tuberculosis?

A

Infectious disease that primarily affects the respiratory tract caused by mycobacterium TB

28
Q

What are the risk factors for contracting TB?

CC, LICA, HCF, LATHC, UV, H, DA

A
  • close contact with infected individuals
  • living in crowded areas
  • working in healthcare facilities
  • having limited access to healthcare
    -unvaccinated
  • homelessness
    -IV or drug abuse
29
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of an asthma attack?
W, SOB, A

A
  • wheezing
  • shortness of breath
  • angina
30
Q

What is asthma?

A

Chronic inflammatory disease of the airways

31
Q

What is the etiology of asthma?

A
  • unknown
  • genetic
  • enviormental
32
Q

What enchant medications trigger asthma symptoms?

A

Aspirin
Beta blockers

33
Q

What is the patho of an asthma attack?

A

Mast cells and basophils are stimulated and release chemical mediators (histamine and leukotienes) causing smooth muscle in the bronchioles to spasm, the causing goblet cells to produce and abundance of mucus

34
Q

What does chronic inflammation lead to?

A

Scarring and fibrosis which can permanently reduce airway diameter

35
Q

What is the diagnostic tested used to asses asthma?

A

FVC, and PEFR for emergencies

Pathophysiology (12 decks)

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