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Pathophysiology > Exam 2- hematological and lymphatic > Flashcards

Exam 2- hematological and lymphatic Flashcards

1
Q

what is leukiemia?

A

uncontrolled proliferation of non-functional white blood cells

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2
Q

what is lymphoma?

A

forms solid tumors in lymphatic tissue, such as lymph nodes, thymus, or spleen.

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3
Q

what are the diffrent types of lymphoma?

A

hodgikins and non hodgikins

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4
Q

what is hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A

contiguous: only spreads to adjacent/near by lymph nodes

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5
Q

what is nonhodgkins lymphoma?

A

noncontiguous, spreads to extranodular sites like skin, GI, brain

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6
Q

what is the patho of hodgkin lymphoma?

A

B cells proliferate as Hodgkin cells or reed sternberg cells

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7
Q

what are hodgkin cells?

A

mononuclear giant cells

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8
Q

what are Reed-Sternberg cells?

A

multinucleated giant cells

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9
Q

Hodgkin’s lymphoma clinical manifestations

A

enlargement of cervical, axillary, or inguinal lymph nodes
hepatosplenomegaly
weight loss
anemia
jaundice
pain
fatigue & weakness
fever & chills
tachycardia
dyspnea + stridor
cough
paraplegia
dysphagia
night sweats
itching

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10
Q

what does nonhodgkins lymphoma affects?

A

B, T, and NK cells in all ages

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11
Q

what are the risk factors nonhodgkins lymphoma?

VI, BI, C+R, T, M , HOAID

A

viral infection

bacterial infection

chemotherapy and radiation

toxins

medications

history of autoimmune disorders

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12
Q

what are the clinical manifestations of non hohodgkin’s lymphoma?

A

painless lymph nodes enlargement
lymphadenopathy
airway obstruction
hyperuricemia (uric acid in blood)
renal failure
fever
night sweats
weight loss
Gi symptoms
pericardial tamponade

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13
Q

what is the etiology of hodgkin’s lypmhoma?

A

idiopathic (arises spontaneuolsy)

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14
Q

what are the nonmodifiable risk factors for HL?

G(M), GPD, A

A

gender (males)

genetic predisposition

age: 15-30; more than 55

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15
Q

what are modifiable risk factors for HL?

V, HOAI, T, IS

A

virus

history of autoimmunity

toxins

immunosuppresants

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16
Q

what is the etiology of leukemia?

C, R, S, CT, C, V, GD

A

cancer
radiation
smoking
chemotherapy
chemicals (benzene)
virus
other hematological or genetic disorders

17
Q

Leukemia Clinical Manifestations

WL, NS, F, CP

A

weight loss

night sweats

fever

cytopenia

18
Q

what are the diffrent complications of Leukemia?

P, HS, LA

A

pain/tenderness in bones

hepatosplenomegaly

lymphadenopathy

19
Q

*

what is hepatosplenomegaly?

A

swelling and enlargement of the liver and spleen, in the upper abdomen

20
Q

what are the diffrent kinds of leukemia?

A, C , L, M

A

acute, chronic

lymphocytic, myeloid

21
Q

what is myeloid leukemia?

A

uncontrolled granulocyte production

22
Q

what is lymphocytic leukemia?

A

involves lymphocytes (B and T cells)

23
Q

what is Acute Myeloid Leukemia?

A

rapid proliferation of myeloblasts

24
Q

what is the patho of Acute Myeloid Leukemia?

A

hyperplasia in bone marrow

25
Q

what are the clinical mani of Acute Myeloid Leukemia?

P, IOLC, OI, AB

A

pancytopenia (caused by immature myeloblasts replacing cells and hemopoietic cells)

leukemic cells infiltrate other organs

opportunistic infections

abnormal bleeding

26
Q

what is the name of an immature RBC?

A

reticulocyte?

27
Q

what is an expected finding of increased PT or PTT

A

signs of inccreased bleeding

28
Q

jaundice is a clinical mani of which type of anemia?

A

sickle cell anemia

29
Q

what is a characteristic of an erthrocyte associated with pernicous anemia?

A

megoblastic

30
Q

in which anemia’s are RBC’s destroyed?

T, SCA

A

Thalassemia and sickle cell anemia

31
Q

aplastic anemia differs from other anemia because of what characteristic?

A

complete lack of bone marrow function causing a decrease in all BC

32
Q

what is the main characteristic of DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation)?

A

excessive bleedingh and clotting at the same time

33
Q

what is the etiology of hemophilia?

A

inherited genetic disorder

34
Q

what is aplastic anemia?

A

when your bone marrow cannot make enough new blood cells for your body to work normally

35
Q

what is thalassemia anemia?

A

Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder characterized by less oxygen-carrying protein (hemoglobin) and fewer red blood cells in the body than normal.

36
Q

what is Prothrombin Time (PT)?

A

test is a test to evaluate blood clotting

37
Q

what is a Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)?

A

a blood test that looks at how long it takes for blood to clot. It can help tell if you have a bleeding problem

38
Q

what is polycethemia?

A

a type of blood cancer. It causes your bone marrow to make too many red blood cells.

39
Q
A

Pathophysiology (12 decks)

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