Exam 1- Pathophysiology and Cancer M1 Flashcards
what is the difference between health promotion and illness prevention?
health promotion is used to protect health while illness prevention is used to decrease exposure to risk factors
what is an examples of health promotion?
exsercing reguarly and balanced diet
what is an example of
illness prevention?
blood pressure screening
what is nonmodifable risk factor?
cannot be altered
what is a modifiable risk factor?
can be modifided by lifestyle, practices, and behaviors
what is an example of modifiable risk factors?
- drinking H2O
- not texting and driving
- obsiety
what are examples of non modifiable risk factors?
- age
- genetics
- fam history
what are the phases of illness prevention?
- primary
- secondary
- tertiary
what is the purpose primary illness prevention?
to min. the chances of dev. illness by decreasing modifiable risk factors
what is an example of primary illness prevention?
vaccines
what is the purpose of secondary illness prevention?
to screen for illnesses in it’s early stages
what is the purpose of tertiary illness prevention?
to stop a dioceses progression/ dev.
what is an example of secondary illness prevention?
screenings like a colonoscopy
what is an example of tertiary illness prevention?
rehabilitation
what is cellular adaptations?
the changing of cells
what are the diffrent examples of cellular adaptations?
( A, HT, HP, MP, DP, NP)
- Atrophy
- Hypertrophy
- Hyperplasia
- Metaplasia
- Dysplasia
- Metaplasia
what kind of cellular adaptation is atrophy?
without
when the cells are thin due to decreaased muscle
what kind of cellular adaptation is hypertrophy?
the one w/ the most muscle takes home the trophy
the cells are tall due to increased muscle
what kind of cellular adaptation is hyperplasia?
asia has a large population
when cells increase in #
what kind of cellular adaptation is metaplasia?
she such a transformer EXO lets go
when the cells replace w/ new cells (adapt)
what kind of cellular adaptation is Dysplasia?
dysfunctional
a large # of cells that vary
what kind of cellular adaptation is neoplasia?
neo= new age
new growth “tumor” uncontrolled/ regulated growth of normal cells
what is the definition of pathophysiology?
the study of the functional and physiologic chnages that occur in the body during a disease
what is an etiology?
the cause of a disease
what is the definition of prognosis?
the likelihood of possiblites for a disease course
what is a sign?
backed by data
objective findings of a disease including assesment and diagnostic findings
what is an example of a sign
increased/ decreased BP
what is a syptom?
told by the pt
subjective reported manifestations
what is an example of symptoms?
cramping
what are two diffrent ways that cells can die?
- apoptosis
- necrosis
what is apoptosis?
programmed cell death
what is necrosis?
cell death in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury, or failure of the blood supply.
what are the diffrent types of necrosis?
I, G
- infarction
- Gangreene
what are the diffrent types of necrosis caused by?
I, D
- injury
- disease
what is an infarction?
necrosis due to lack of oxygen
what is gangreene?
An untreated bacterial infection that causes necrosis
what are the diffrent clinical manifestations?
LS, AC, SS
- local vs systemic
- acute vs chronic
- sign vs symptoms
what is the diffrence between local vs. systemic?
- local is describing a s/s found at the site of the problem
- systemic descrbing a s/s that occurs over the entire body
what is the diffrence between acute vs. chronic?
- a disease that appears suddenly then resovles
- disease that is long lasting
what is the diffrence between signs vs. symptoms?
- objective
- subjective
what are the diffrent factors that influence chronic diseases?
G, E, L
- Genetic
- envoirmental
- lifestyles
what are the two diffrent types of characteristic of tumors?
B, M
- benign
- malignant
what is a benign tumor?
inactive
it is a slowly expanding mass w/ relativley normal cells that is tightly encapsulated
what is a malignant tumor?
active
it is rapidly expanding irregular mass of cancer cells that infiltrate other body systems
what is the definition of metastasis?
a piece of the tumor breaks of and migrates to a diffrent location and grows in a new site
what is the definition of invasion?
when one tumor starts to spread systemically
what is a carcinogen?
a risk factor that increasing the chances of getting a certain cancer
what are the three diffrent categories of carcinogens?
C, P, O
- chemical
- physical
- oncogenic
what is an example of a chemical carcinogen?
pesos
asbestos which are fiborous minreals
what is an example of physical carcinogens?
skin
UV rays
what is an example of oncogenic carcinogen?
BRCA 1-2
what is the definition of neoplasms?
a new and abnormal growth of tissue in some part of the body
what is the definition of carcinoma in situ?
inside you
a group of abnormal cells that have not spread from the location where they first formed
what is the definition of angiogenesis?
the formation of new blood vessels
