Exam 1- Fluid and Electrolyte balance M4

Question 1

List and group the fluid compartments in spaces of the body

Answer 1

• intracellular fluid
• Extra cellular fluid
• Plasma
• Interstitial
• Transcellular

Question 2

what is osmosis?

Answer 2

The movement of water molecules from a solution with a high concentration to low concentration

Question 3

what is hydrostatic pressure?

Answer 3

The pressure exerted by fluid at an equilibrium at any point, due to force of gravity

Question 4

what is oncotic pressure?

Answer 4

pressure created by albumin in the fluid that prevents the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane

Question 5

what is edema?

Answer 5

swelling

Question 6

what is hypervolemia?

Answer 6

A condition where your body has too much fluid

Question 7

what is hypovolemia?

Answer 7

A condition where your body has too much fluid

Question 8

what is the etiology of hypervolemia?

Answer 8

heart failure, kidney failure, cirrhosis, pregnancy failure

Question 9

what is the etiology of hypovolemia?

Answer 9

loss of bodily fluid or blood

Question 10

what are clinical manifestations of hypervolemia?

Answer 10

rapid weight gain, edema, Swelling in the abdomen, cramping, headache, stomach bloating

Question 11

what are some clinical manifestations of hypovolemia?

Answer 11

weakness, fatigue, dizziness, increased thirst

Question 12

what for electrolytes Play an important role in the body

S, P, C, M

Answer 12

sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium

Question 13

what is the function of sodium in the body?

Answer 13

maintenance of fluid base balance, normal function of nerve and muscle cells

Question 14

what is the function of potassium in the body?

Answer 14

maintaining nervous system function, contraction of smooth and cardiac muscle

Question 15

what is the normal pH level for blood?

Answer 15

7.35-7.45

Question 16

what is considered alkalosis?

Answer 16

greater than 7.45

Question 17

what is considered acidosis

Answer 17

less than 7.35

Question 18

what are the three ways the body balances pH level?

CBS, L, K

Answer 18

• Cellular buffing system
• lungs
• Kidney

Question 19

how is the respiratory system able to balance pH?

Answer 19

through respiration rate, when the body is undergoing acidosis, the brain stimulated by high concentrations of hydrogen in increases respiratory rate so more carbon dioxide leaves the body will alkalosis when the brain is stimulated by low concentration of hydrogen ions, and decreases respiratory to keep carbon dioxide in the body

Question 20

how does the renal system balance pH?

Answer 20

by eliminating extra hydrogen ions in reabsorbing bicarbonate

Question 21

what keeps fluid in the plasma or vascular space?

Answer 21

albumin

Question 22

what term describes the concentration of solvent in a solvent?

Answer 22

osmolarity

Question 23

what is pH measuring?

Answer 23

The amount of hydrogen ions in the blood

Question 24

what is the normal value of carbon dioxide?

Answer 24

35-45

Question 25

what is the normal value of bicarbonate?

Answer 25

22-26

Question 26

what is the function of calcium in the body?

Answer 26

Plays a role in blood clotting, transmission of nerve impulses, myocardial, contractions, and muscle contractions

Question 27

what is the function of magnesium in the body?

Answer 27

it is a co-factor in many enzyme systems such as DNA, protein synthesis, blood glucose, and BP regulations

Question 28

what is the etiology of respiratory acidosis?

Answer 28

- hypoventilation - Pneumonia - Pulmonary edema - Sedated overdose, - respiratory muscle weakness

Question 29

what is the pathophysiology of respiratory acidosis?

Answer 29

increase carbon dioxide retention from hypoventilation, responses increased, bicarbonate retention by kidney

Question 30

what is the etiology of respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 30

- hyperventilation due to anxiety, exercise, Or hypoxia - Liver failure - Mechanical hyperventilation

Question 31

what is the pathophysiology of respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 31

increase carbon dioxide excretion from hyperventilation causes, increase in bicarbonate excretion by kidney

Question 32

what is the etiology of metabolic acidosis?

Answer 32

- diabetic ketoacidosis - Diarrhea - Lactic - Reno - Renal tubular - Shock - Starvation

Question 33

what is the pathophysiology of metabolic acidosis?

Answer 33

response by increasing carbon dioxide, excretion by the lungs

Question 34

what is the etiology of metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 34

- diuretics therapy - Hypokalemia - Mineralocorticoid use - ng suctioning - Vomiting

Question 35

what is a Pathophysiology of metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 35

loss of strong acid or gain of base response is increased. Carbon dioxide retention by lungs.