Exam 1- Fluid and Electrolyte balance M4 Flashcards
List and group the fluid compartments in spaces of the body
- intracellular fluid
- Extra cellular fluid
- Plasma
- Interstitial
- Transcellular
what is osmosis?
The movement of water molecules from a solution with a high concentration to low concentration
what is hydrostatic pressure?
The pressure exerted by fluid at an equilibrium at any point, due to force of gravity
what is oncotic pressure?
pressure created by albumin in the fluid that prevents the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane
what is edema?
swelling
what is hypervolemia?
A condition where your body has too much fluid
what is hypovolemia?
A condition where your body has too much fluid
what is the etiology of hypervolemia?
heart failure, kidney failure, cirrhosis, pregnancy failure
what is the etiology of hypovolemia?
loss of bodily fluid or blood
what are clinical manifestations of hypervolemia?
rapid weight gain, edema, Swelling in the abdomen, cramping, headache, stomach bloating
what are some clinical manifestations of hypovolemia?
weakness, fatigue, dizziness, increased thirst
what for electrolytes Play an important role in the body
S, P, C, M
sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium
what is the function of sodium in the body?
maintenance of fluid base balance, normal function of nerve and muscle cells
what is the function of potassium in the body?
maintaining nervous system function, contraction of smooth and cardiac muscle
what is the normal pH level for blood?
7.35-7.45
what is considered alkalosis?
greater than 7.45
what is considered acidosis
less than 7.35
what are the three ways the body balances pH level?
CBS, L, K
- Cellular buffing system
- lungs
- Kidney
how is the respiratory system able to balance pH?
through respiration rate, when the body is undergoing acidosis, the brain stimulated by high concentrations of hydrogen in increases respiratory rate so more carbon dioxide leaves the body will alkalosis when the brain is stimulated by low concentration of hydrogen ions, and decreases respiratory to keep carbon dioxide in the body
how does the renal system balance pH?
by eliminating extra hydrogen ions in reabsorbing bicarbonate
what keeps fluid in the plasma or vascular space?
albumin
what term describes the concentration of solvent in a solvent?
osmolarity
what is pH measuring?
The amount of hydrogen ions in the blood
what is the normal value of carbon dioxide?
35-45
what is the normal value of bicarbonate?
22-26
what is the function of calcium in the body?
Plays a role in blood clotting, transmission of nerve impulses, myocardial, contractions, and muscle contractions
what is the function of magnesium in the body?
it is a co-factor in many enzyme systems such as DNA, protein synthesis, blood glucose, and BP regulations
what is the etiology of respiratory acidosis?
- hypoventilation
- Pneumonia
- Pulmonary edema
- Sedated overdose,
- respiratory muscle weakness
what is the pathophysiology of respiratory acidosis?
increase carbon dioxide retention from hypoventilation, responses increased, bicarbonate retention by kidney
what is the etiology of respiratory alkalosis?
- hyperventilation due to anxiety, exercise, Or hypoxia
- Liver failure
- Mechanical hyperventilation
what is the pathophysiology of respiratory alkalosis?
increase carbon dioxide excretion from hyperventilation causes, increase in bicarbonate excretion by kidney
what is the etiology of metabolic acidosis?
- diabetic ketoacidosis
- Diarrhea
- Lactic
- Reno
- Renal tubular
- Shock
- Starvation
what is the pathophysiology of metabolic acidosis?
response by increasing carbon dioxide, excretion by the lungs
what is the etiology of metabolic alkalosis?
- diuretics therapy
- Hypokalemia
- Mineralocorticoid use
- ng suctioning
- Vomiting
what is a Pathophysiology of metabolic alkalosis?
loss of strong acid or gain of base response is increased. Carbon dioxide retention by lungs.
