exam 3 questions Flashcards
a drugs most direct and effective method of delivery to its site of action
- oral administration
- intramuscular injection
- intravenous administration
- aerosol ingestion
intravenous administration
which of the following is not true regarding the abs of drugs?
- dug abs rates may change with age
- morphine may slow the GI motility of a drug
- liquid medications are often absorbed slower than capsule medication
- Crohn’s disease may alter the absorption of some drugs
liquid medications are often absorbed slower than capsule medications
True or False
Drugs are susceptible to hepatic metabolism, and this increases the concentration of the drug before it reaches the circulatory system.
false
Which of the following statements is true regarding drug elimination?
- one drug half-life is the time needed for the drug concentration to increase by half
- 5-7 drug doses are required to reach a steady state of drug concentration
- most medications are administered as a single dose vs a scheduled basis
- aminoglycoside antibiotics are reabsorbed by the renal tubules
5-7 drug doses are required to reach a steady state of drug concentration
The relationship between a drug’s concentration at its target sites and its physiological responses is known as:
- pharmacokinetics
- pharmacogenomics
- pharmacotherapy
- pharmacodynamics
pharmacodynamics
Which of the following is not true concerning therapeutic drug monitoring?
- It ensures correct drug doses for the expected therapeutic range
- It helps to identify non-compliance of the patient
- It identifies drug-drug interactions if multiple drugs are taken simultaneously
- It establishes a one-fit dosing model for all patients
it establishes a one fit dosing model for all patients
A blood draw to determine a peak level of a drug should be drawn:
- One hour after an orally administered dose
- Immediately after drug administration
- 90 minutes after an orally administered dose
- Immediately before drug administration
- one hour after an orally administered dose
True or False
CYP450 is a gene that influences the effectiveness of a drug in an individual.
true
Which of the following is not true concerning aminoglycosides?
- They are a class of drugs that is administered in the inpatient setting
- Toxic levels can cause hearing impairment
- They are used to treat gram positive and gram negative infections
- Ototoxic effects of the drug are reversible
ototoxic effects of the drug are reversible
Pharmacokinetics and drug concentration are influenced by which of the following factors?
- Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
- Absorption, bioavailability, excretion, metabolism
- Biotransformation, distribution, excretion, metabolism
- Adaption, distribution, excretion, metabolism
absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
True or False
Only bound fractions of drugs can interact with the site of action and result in a biological response.
false
Tolerance to drugs could be explained as:
- Constant exposure of receptors to drugs that leads to a reduced response
- Constant exposure of receptors to drugs that leads to an increased response
- 50% of the maximum effect of a drug on the body
Constant exposure of receptors to drugs that leads to a reduced response
This drug is used to treat arrhythmias and CHF.
- quinidine
- digoxin
- disopyramide
- dilantin
digoxin
This drug may have the adverse effect of “redman syndrome”
- vancomycin
- tobramycin
- amikacin
- gentamicin
vancomycin
This antiepileptic drug requires hepatic markers to be check frequently due to risk of hepatic dysfunction
- carbamazepine
- phenobarbital
- phenytoin
- valproic acid
valproic acid
-carbamazepine: AED, toxicity varies
- phenobaribital: AED, not hepatic toxic
- phenytoin: AED, seizures from hypo/hyper doses
- valporic acid: toxic at upper range of theraputic but can be toxic w/in theraputic range
True or False
Immunosuppressive drugs typically are collected as serum samples.
false
- whole blood specimens
True or False
Common routes of exposure to toxins are through the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and skin.
true
Which specimen type is preferred for analytes demonstrating variation in urinary elimination patterns?
- random specimen
- midstream ‘clean catch’ specimen
- first morning specimen
- 24 hr collection
24 hr collection
Which of the following is not true concerning analysis of toxic agents?
- Screening tests have good specificity but lack sensitivity
- Confirmatory tests report the concentration of the analyte
- Screening tests are a rapid test intended to detect the presence of a substance
- The reference method for most compounds is gas chromatography with a mass spectrometer (GC-MS)
Screening tests have good specificity but lack sensitivity
All of the following statements are true regarding blood alcohol measurements EXCEPT:
- During venipuncture, the skin must be disinfected with iodine or chlorohexidine gluconate
- Plasma and serum are acceptable specimen types for analysis
- When testing will be delayed, sodium chloride can be used as a preservative to maintain specimen integrity
- Specimens should remain capped to avoid evaporation
When testing will be delayed, sodium chloride can be used as a preservative to maintain specimen integrity
True or False
The affinity of carbon monoxide for hemoglobin is 20-25 times greater than oxygen
false
Toxic levels of acetaminophen are associated with
- Ototoxicity
- Nephrotoxicity
- Hepatotoxicity
- Neurotoxicity
hepatotoxicity
Which of the following statements is not true concerning testing for drugs of abuse?
- A two-tired testing approach includes screening and confirmatory testing
- Confirmatory testing must use methods with high specificity and low sensitivity
- Screening tests detect classes of drugs
- GC-MS is the reference method used for confirmation
Confirmatory testing must use methods with high specificity and low sensitivity
Which type of toxicology uses the results from animal experiments to predict what level of exposure will cause harm to humans?
- Descriptive
- Mechanistic
- Regulatory
- Environmental
descriptive
