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clinical chem 1 > exam 1 qs > Flashcards

exam 1 qs Flashcards

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1
Q

Match the type of CK isoenzyme with its specificity.
CK isoenzymes : MB, MM, BB
specificity: brain, cardiac, muscle

A

CK-MB: cardiac
CK-MM: muscle
CK-BB: brain

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2
Q

true or false
Amylase is more specific to pancreatitis than lipase

A

false
- lipase is exclusive to pancreas
- amylase is good indicator of injury, but not pancreatitis diagnosis

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3
Q

This test has greater specificity to liver damage.
- AST
- ALP
- acid phosphatase
- ALT

A

ALT

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4
Q

true or false
In many reactions, we are looking at the reaction of the cofactor NADH to NAD to determine the value of the enzyme.

A

true

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5
Q

This enzyme has a short half-life and is found in the heart, liver, skeletal muscle, and kidney.
- ALT
- AST
- GGT
- CK

A

AST

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6
Q

True or False
The hook effect refers to high concentrations of analyte producing a lower signal than expected.

A

true

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7
Q

In this state, not all enzyme sites are saturated with substrate and substrate concentration is the rate-limiting step.
- first order kinetics
- zero order kinetics
- post zone phenomenon
- last order kinetics

A

first order

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8
Q

What is a zymogen?

A

inactive, secreted form of the enzyme

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9
Q

True or False
The following statement could be used to describe zero-order kinetics:
Substrate is present in excess, rate of reaction is constant with time and dependent only on the concentration of enzyme in the system.

A

true

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10
Q

When measuring enzyme activity, if the instrument is operating at 5 C lower than the temperature prescribed for the method, how would the results be affected?
- lower than expected
- higher than expected
- varied
- all would be abnormal

A

lower than expected

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11
Q

What does an increase in serum enzyme levels indicate?
- Decreased enzyme catabolism
- Accelerated enzyme production
- Tissue damage and necrosis
- Increased glomerular filtration rate

A

tissue damage and necrosis
-enzymes being released from cells as they break and inc lvls

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12
Q

Pathological condition in which the proximal tubules in the kidneys do not reabsorb glucose, amino acids, uric acids, and bicarbonates resulting in their loss to the urine concentrate.
- lesch nyhan syndrome
- gout
- CHF
- fanconi syndrome

A

fanconi

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13
Q

This test can be used to monitor alcoholics with liver toxicity
- AST
- ALT
- GGT
- ALP

A

ggt

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14
Q

Which of the following serves as the glomerular filtration rate for clinicians?
- urea
- creatinine
- uric acid
- ammonia

A

creatinine

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15
Q

Plasma creatinine levels are determined by all of the following except:
-Relative muscle mass
- Rate of creatine turnover
- Renal function
- Dietary intake of protein

A

Dietary intake of protein

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16
Q

A 56 year old male with gout is given allopurinol then returns to the ER a week later with a uric acid level of 8.6 mg/dL (2.4-7.0 mg/dL). What statement best describes the reason for the uric acid level?
- The patient overdosed on allopurinol
- Allopurinol returned uric acid levels to normal
- The patient did not take prescribed medication

A

The patient did not take prescribed medication

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17
Q

What is an energy source utilized by muscles?
- creatinine
- creatine phosphate
- myoglobin
- nitrogen

A

creatine phosphate

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18
Q

This non-protein nitrogen compound is found in the highest concentration in the blood.
- ammonia
- uric acid
- creatinine
- urea nitrogen

A

urea nitrogen

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19
Q

Which is not a clinical application of measurement of urea.
- Assess hydration status
- Evaluate liver function
- Verify adequacy of dialysis
- determine nitrogen balance

A

Evaluate liver function
- urea nitrogen (BUN) evaluates RENAL (kidney) function, not liver

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20
Q

Match the BUN:Creatinine ratio with the correct location of azotemia.
ratio: 23, 11, 8
azotemia: pre, intra, post

A

23: prerenal
11: post renal
8: intrarenal

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21
Q

Which is not a likely cause of decreased BUN.
- High protein dietary intake
- Liver disease
- Severe vomiting
- Increased protein synthesis

A

High protein dietary intake

22
Q

The most frequently used analytic method for creatinine testing is the:
- enzymatic method
- kinetic jaffe reaction
- jaffe reaction
- hexokinase

A

jaffe reaction
-hexokinase: glucose measurment

23
Q

Which test has the most strict collection requirements that include transporting the specimen on ice and testing immediately.
- ammonia
- BUN
- uric acid
- creatinine clearance

A

ammonia

24
Q

This disease is commonly seen in children who have been given aspirin during a viral infection.
- fanconi
- lesch nyhan
- reyes
- gout

A

reyes

25
Q

Given the following information, calculate the creatinine clearance:
Urine creatinine: 120 mg/dL
Plasma creatinine: 1.5 mg/dL
Urine volume for 12hours: 600 mL
Patient BSA: 2.13

A

53.8
(urine creat/plasma creat) * (urine vol/time [min]) * (1.73/BSA)

26
Q

Calculate the A/G ratio with a total protein of 7.7 g/dL and an albumin of 4.7 g/dL.

A

1.6
Total protein/albumin

27
Q

describe kwashiokor in terms of protein and calories

A

severe protein deficiency

28
Q

describe marasmus in terms of protein and calories

A

severe protein and calorie deficiency

29
Q

Which is a negative acute phase reactant?
- alpha -1 antitrypsin
- transferrin
- alpha -2- macroglobulin
- haptoglobin

A

transferrin
-alpha 1: protects elastin in lungs by inhibiting PMN esterase
- alpha 2: serine protease inhibitor
- haptoglobin: transports free hgb

30
Q

This protein is known for being a nephrotoxin.
- myoglobin
- transferrin
- haptoglobin
- CRP

A

myoglobin

31
Q

This test may be used to assess nutritional status.
- CRP
- alpha -1- antitrypsin
- haptoglobin
- prealbumin

A

preablumin

32
Q

Proteins with 10-40% carbohydrates attached are
- glycoproteins
- lipoproteins
- mucoproteins
- enzymes

A

glycoproteins

33
Q

Proteins consist of the elements:
- carbon
- oxygen
- nitrogen
- all of these

A

all of these

34
Q

In the stomach ______ breaks down proteins into peptides.
- papain
- pepsin
- sodium chloride
- pepsid

A

pepsin

35
Q

When a protein is disturbed and loses its functional and chemical characteristics, it is called:
- multimer
- depeptidation
- denaturation
- amphoteric

A

denaturation

36
Q

The most common secondary structure of a protein is:
- gamma helix
- alpha helix
- beta pleated sheet
- alpha pleated sheet

A

alpha helix

37
Q

Essential amino acids:
- must be obtained through diet
- are synthesized in the body

A

must be obtained in diet
- it is essential to eat your aminos

38
Q

In cerebral spinal fluid, ______% of protein comes from plasma, while ______% comes from the brain.
- 80%, 20%
- 90%, 10%
- 5%, 95%
- 95%, 5%

A

95%, 5%

39
Q

Which protein has a function to maintain oncotic pressure?
- albumin
- prealbumin
- alpha -1- antitrypsin
- alpha -2- macroglobulin

A

albumin

40
Q

True or False
when proteins have a more positive charge they are more easily dissolved

A

true

41
Q

Which is not true of amino acid analysis?
- collect samples in heparin tube
- blood samples should be drawn after a 2-3 hr fast
- analysis should be performed immediately or sample frozen
- plasma should be removed carefully to avoid platelet and WBC

A

blood samples should be drawn after a 2-3 hr fast

42
Q

This type of analytical method measures the amount of light that can pass through a sample at a 180O angle from the incident light.
- Fluorometry
- Chemiluminescence
- Turbidimetry
- Nephelometry

A

turbidimetry

43
Q

true or false
Stray light refers to any wavelengths outside the band transmitted by the monochromator.

A

true

44
Q

true or false
Dynodes are a series of anodes with successively higher voltages.

A

true

45
Q

true or false
An advantage of a photocell over a phototube is that a photocell has an external power source and is more sensitive with lower amounts of light.

A

false
- phototube has an external power supply
- photocell is better at lower concentrations

46
Q

Calculate % transmittance through a tube containing 5 layers of solution with an absorbance of 20%.
- 33
- 4
- 51
- 0.3

A

33
- if 20% is abs then 80% transmitted
- 80*0.8 = 64 *0.8 = 51.2 *0.8 = 41 *0.8 = 33
- the first pass leaves 80% to pass through the rest of the layers so multiply n-1 times

47
Q

Beer’s Law is (simplified)
- the concentration of substance is directly proportional to light transmitted / inversely proportional to log of abs light
- concentration of a substance is directly proportional to amt light abs / inversely proportional to log of transmitted light

A

The concentration of a substance is directly proportional to the amount of light absorbed / inversely proportional to the logarithm of the transmitted light

48
Q

This type of lamp is used in visible and infrared regions and is the most common type:
- tungsten
- hydrogen
- mercury vapor
- deuterium

A

tungston

49
Q

Which is the order that you would expect to see in LD isoenzymes in a patient who has had a heart attack.
- LD1>LD2>LD3>LD4>LD5
- LD2>LD1>LD3>LD4>LD5
- LD5>LD4>LD3>LD2>LD1
- LD1>LD3>LD2>LD4>LD5

A

LD1>LD2>LD3>LD4>LD5

50
Q

This is a disease which can occur as a result of severe protein and calorie deficiency

A

marasmus

clinical chem 1 (23 decks)

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