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clinical chem 1 > amino acids and proteins > Flashcards

amino acids and proteins Flashcards

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1
Q

what are essential amino acids

A

amino acids supplied by food -> cannot be made in the body

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2
Q

aminoacidopathies

A

inherited enzyme defects that inhibit metabolism of certain amino acids for non essentail amino acids
- build up of toxic amino acids/byproducts

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3
Q

amino acid analysis

A
  • drawn after 6-8 hr fast
  • plasma removed from cells
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4
Q

what is differential solubility in regards to protein properties

A

when a positive charge is present, the protein dissolves easier

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5
Q

define isoelectric point

A

when amino acids have no net charge and depend on the pH of medium to dictate charge

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6
Q

define adsoption

A

ability to have water cling to the surface of the molecule -> albumin has this

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7
Q

globular proteins

A

symmetric
soluble in saline

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8
Q

fibrous proteins

A

asymmetric
water insoluble

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9
Q

protein functions

A
  • energy produciton
  • water dist (colloidal osmotic pressure maintenence)
  • buffering
  • molecule transport
  • glycoprotein production/other productions
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10
Q

define conjugated proteins

A

proteins composed of more than 1 tertiary structure attached to a non protein prosthetic group

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11
Q

mucoproteins

A

> 40% of weight by carbohydrates

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12
Q

glycoproteins

A

10-40% of weigh tby carbohydrates

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13
Q

what are the plasma proteins

A

formed by albumin (54%) and globulins (46%)
- globulins = TP-albumin

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14
Q

factors affecting protein conc.

A
  • nutrition
  • physilogical changes (hyper/hypoproteinemia)
  • synthesis rate
  • extracellular production
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15
Q

pre-albumin

A

transport protein for thyroid hormones T3 and T4
- synthesized in liver and choroid plexus

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16
Q

albumin

A
  • serves to maintain colloid osmotic pressure (oncotic pressure) by using adsoprtio properties of water
  • mostly found in extravascular spaces (60%)
17
Q

kwashiorkor

A

severe protein deficiency but normal calorie intake
- decreased serum albumin lvls

18
Q

marasmus

A

deficiency of protein and overall calories
- normal serum albumin lvls

19
Q

how is albumin measured

A
  • colorimetrically (icterus, hemolysis and lipemia interferes)
  • uses bromocresol green
20
Q

alpha - 1 antitrypsin

A
  • protects elastin in lungs by inhibiting neutrophil elastase in inflammatory response
  • made in liver
  • acute phase reactant
21
Q

alpha - 2 macroglobulin

A
  • acute phase reactant
  • made in liver
  • serine protease inhibitor
  • measurment useful in renal disease and glom damage (big)
22
Q

haptoglobin

A
  • made in liver
  • transport protein for free hemoglobin
  • acute phase reactant
23
Q

ceruloplasmin

A
  • made in liver, also by macrophages and lymphs
  • transport protein of copper
24
Q

disease associated with ceruloplasmin

A

wilsons disease, decreases lvls
-> increase of free copper leading to deposition in brain and other areas

25
Q

transferrin

A
  • transports and stores iron
  • NOT an acute phase reactant
26
Q

fibrinogen

A

forms clots when activated by thrombin

27
Q

CRP and HS-CRP

A

c- reactive protein and high sensitivity c reactive protein
- CRP increase lvls activates coag, compliment and LDL
- pos acute phase reactant

28
Q

myoglobin

A
  • stores intracellular oxygen
  • when released due to extreme conditions can cause renal failure
  • coordinates oxygenation of hgb by blocking other molecules
  • increased in rhabdomyolysis
29
Q

other proteins to know

A
  • beta -2 microglobulin: surface of lymphs
  • troponin: cardiac protein
  • fetal fibronectin: amniotic sac lining
  • CTX: bone turnover
30
Q

protein level abnormalities

A
  • hypoproteinemia: due to negative nitrogen balance
  • hyperproteinemia: concentraion of proteins increases due to lower soln vol

clinical chem 1 (23 decks)

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