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Psych of Personality > Exam 3 PPT Notes - Ch. 12 > Flashcards

Exam 3 PPT Notes - Ch. 12 Flashcards

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1
Q

Skinner’s Choice of Subjects:

  • used … and …
    • held that fundamental processes were the same in humans
  • attempted to explain all behavior through … and … terms
    • excluded … and … human states
A

rats; pigeons;

factual;

descriptive;

internal;

subjective

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2
Q

Life of Skinner:

  • 1904-1990
  • childhood:
    • parents were … and dictated clear rules of …
    • was fascinated with … and …
A

hardworking;

proper behavior;

machines;

animals

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3
Q

Life of Skinner:

  • studied … and specialized in …
  • wrote …:
    • describes a society controlled by …
A

psychology;

behaviorism;

Walden Two;

positive reinforcement

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4
Q

Life of Skinner:

  • Skinner’s chracteristics based on the results of projective tests:
    • …
    • …
    • …
    • …
    • …
A

quirky;

conscientious;

open to new experiences;

extraverted;

neurotic

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5
Q

Reinforcement: the basis of behavior:

  • … behavior: responses made to or elicited by …
  • … behavior: behavior emitted spontaneously or voluntarily that operates on the … to …
A

respondent;

environmental stimuli;

operant;

environment;

change it

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6
Q

Reinforcement: respondent Behavior:

  • …: substitution of one stimulus for another
  • …: act of strengthening a response by adding … and increasing the likelihood of …
A

conditioning;

reinforcement;

reward;

response repetition

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7
Q

Reinforcement: respondent Behavior:

  • …:: process of eliminating a behavior by …
A

extinction;

withholding reinforcement

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8
Q

Operant Conditioning:

  • a change in the consequences of a response will affect the … at which the response occurs
    • used to teach animals certain behaviors
    • infants display …. as they grow
  • skinner held that personality is a collection of …
A

rate;

positively reinforced behaviors;

operant patterns

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9
Q

The Skinner Box:

  • the rat first …
  • the rat learns to … to …
A

explores the environment;

press the bar;

get food

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10
Q

The Skinner Box:

  • the rat learns to press the bar to get food:
    • food acts as a … for pressing the bar
    • begins to … to get food
A

reinforcer;

press the bar more often

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11
Q

schedules of reinforcement:

  • patterns/rates of … or …
  • reinforcement …
A

providing; withholding reinforcers;

does not occur every time

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12
Q

schedules of reinforcement:

  • …: reinforcer following a fixed amount of time after response
  • …: reinforcer after unpredictable amount of time
  • …: reinforcer following a fixed number of responses
  • …: reinforcer after unpredictable number of responses
A

fixed interval;

variable interval;

fixed ratio;

variable ratio

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13
Q

Shaping of Behavior:

  • behavior that is expected to be …
  • ….:
    • explanation of acquisition of complex behavior
    • behavior will be reinforced only as it comes to approximate or approach the …
A

displayed in time;

successive approximation;

final desired behavior

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14
Q

Superstitious behavior:

  • persistent behavior that has a … and … to the reinforcement it received
  • results from …
A

coincidental;

not functional relationship;

accidental reinforcement

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15
Q

Self-Control of Behavior:

  • one’s ability to … over variables that determine his/her behavior
    • acting to alter the impact of …
A

exert control;

external events

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16
Q

Self-Control of Behavior:

  • …: removing onself from an external variable
  • …: overdoing undesired behavior
  • …: making negative consequences for onself
  • …: rewarding oneself
A

stimulus avoidance;

self-administered satiation;

averse stimulation;

self-reinforcement

17
Q

Applications of Operant Conditioning:

  • …: therapy that applies … for changing behavior
    • applicable in …, …, … and …
A

behavior modification;

principles of reinforcement;

classrooms;

clinics;

businesses;

industries

18
Q

Applications of Operant Conditioning:

  • …: application of … to decrease certain behavior
    • less effective than …
A

punishment;

aversive stimulus;

positive reinforcement

19
Q

Applications of Operant Conditioning:

  • ….: … are exchanged for … or … for desired behavior
A

token economy;

tokens;

valued objects;

privileges

20
Q

Applications of Operant Conditioning:

  • token economy:
    • … behaviors … when the tokens are not provided
A

reinforced;

revert to original state

21
Q

Applications of Operant Conditioning:

  • negative reinforcement:
    • strengthening a response by …
    • consequences are … as positive reinforcement
A

removing an aversive stimulus;

not as predictable

22
Q

Questions about Human Nature:

  • …
  • emphasized on the influence of …
  • focused on the … and the …
A

deterministic;

nurture;

past;

present

23
Q

Questions about Human Nature:

  • stressed on …
  • … and …
  • …
A

uniqueness;

equilibrium;

growth;

optimistic

24
Q

Assessment in Skinner’s Theory:

  • …: approach to study behavior
    • assesses the … of a behavior, the … it occurs in, and its …
A

functional analysis;

frequency;

situation;

associated reinforcers

25
Q

Assessment in Skinner’s Theory:

  • approaches:
    • …
    • …
    • … measurements
A

direct observation;

self-report;

physiological

26
Q

Research on Skinner’s Theory:

  • intensive study of … subjects
  • results of other experiments … Skinner’s ideas
A

single;

support

27
Q

Research on Skinner’s Theory:

  • Research on Skinner’s behaviorism:
    • the greater the reinforcement given during training, the more … is the conditioned response to …
    • … can shape most forms of behaviors in humans and animals
A

resistant;

extinction;

operant conditioning

28
Q

Research on Skinner’s Theory:

  • Research on Skinner’s behaviorism
    • college students who measure high in self-control get …, are … psychologically, and have …
A

better grades;

better adjusted;

higher self-esteem

29
Q

Research on Skinner’s Theory:

  • Research on Skinner’s behaviorism:
    • token economy programs have reduced … acts by … patients by as much as 79 percent
A

aggressive;

cognitively impaired

30
Q

Reflections on Skinner’s Theory:

  • Criticisms:
    • focuses on … behavior and ignores … qualities
    • experiemnts were …
    • usage of …
A

overt;

uniquely human;

simple;

animals as subjects

31
Q

Reflections on Skinner’s Theory:

  • …: substitution of … behaviors for behaviors that had been …
  • challenged by … movement
A

instinctive drift;

instinctive;

reinforced;

cognitive

32
Q

Reflections on Skinner’s Theory:

  • Contributions:
    • skinner was a potent force in psychology
    • shaped the field moe than any. other individual
    • his approach ocntinues to be applied in …, … and … settings
A

laboratory;

clinical;

organizational

33
Q
A

Psych of Personality (12 decks)

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