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Psych of Personality > Exam 1 PPT Notes > Flashcards

Exam 1 PPT Notes Flashcards

1
Q

Personality

  • dictionary definitions
    • state of …
    • … and … that form a person’s distinctive character
    • sum total of a person’s …, …, and … characteristics
A

being a person;

characteristics; qualities;

mental; emotional; social

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2
Q

personality

psychological definition

  • unique and relatively … … and … aspects of a person’s character
    • they influence behavior in …
A

enduring; internal; external;

different situations

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3
Q

personality

  • description is complex
    • humans change according to … and …
A

different situations; people

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4
Q

Questions on Personality and Social Media Interaction

  • Do people present their … on social media?
  • Does the use of social media … or … one’s personality?
  • Does the use of social media differ with …?
A

real selves;

influence; change;

different personalities

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5
Q

Personality and Social Media

  • personality includes how others …
  • social media has a wide and a more … audience
  • … and … personality
A

see a person online;

instantly reachable;

shapes; reflects

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6
Q

Role of Race, Gender, and Culture in Shaping Personality

  • Race and Gender
    • personality theorists traditionally consisted of … of … and … heritage
      • ignored … and … influences
A

white men;

European; American;

ethnic; gender

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7
Q

Role of Race, Gender, and Culture in Shaping Personality

  • Culture
    • … psychology research
      • conclusion shows that personality is formed by … and … influences
A

cross-cultural;

genetic;

environmental

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8
Q

Differences in Cultural Beliefs and Values

  • Individualism vs collectivism
    • impacts:
      • …
      • … - tendency to … oneself aggressively and be …
A

child-rearing practices;

self enhancement; promote; conspicuous

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9
Q

Assessment in Personality Study

  • evaluation of personality
    • used for …, …, …, and …
A

diagnosis;

education;

counseling;

research

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10
Q

Assessment in Personality Study

  • principles of measurement:
    • …: consistency of response to a psychological assessment device
    • …: extent to which an assessment device measures what it is intended to measure
A

reliability;

validity

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11
Q

Assessment Methods:

  • …
  • … administration
  • … tests
  • …
  • … assessment
  • … and … samples
A

self-report inventories;

online test;

projective;

clinical interviews;

behavioral;

thought;

experience

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12
Q

Self-Report Inventories:

  • subjects answer questions about their … and …
    • … measure - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
A

behaviors;

feelings;

objective

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13
Q

Self-Report Inventories

  • Advantages: … scoring, … assessment
  • Disadvantages: not suited for people who possess …, tendency to provide … answers
A

objective;

quick;

limited reading skills;

desirable

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14
Q

Online Test Advantages

  • Advantages
    • less … and …
    • … scoring
    • accepted by …
    • prevents test takers from … and …
A

time-consuming;

expensive;

objective;

younger employees;

looking ahead at questions; changing their answers

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15
Q

Projective Tests

  • projective techniques
    • …
    • … Test
    • … and …
A

Rorschach Inkblot Technique;

Thematic Apperception Test;

word association; sentence completion

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16
Q

Projective tests:

  • interpretation is …
    • … and … of the tests are low
A

subjective;

reliability; validity

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17
Q

Clinical interviews

  • involves asking relevant questions about:
    • … and … experiences
    • … and … relationships
    • reasons for …
A

past and present life experiences;

social; family;

seeking psychological help

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18
Q

Clinical Interviews:

  • advantage: problem areas can be …
  • Disadvantage: …
A

explored in detail;

subjective

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19
Q

Behavioral Assessments

  • observer evaluates a person’s behavior …
    • assessment occurs during …
  • advantage: provides …
  • disadvantage: less …
A

in a given situaiton;

clinical interview;

valuable insights;

systematic

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20
Q

Thought and Experience Sampling

  • Thought sampling
    • records … and … in a … manner
      • provides a sample over a …
A

thoughts;

moods;

systematic

period of time

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21
Q

Thought and Experience Sampling

  • Experience sampling: participants are asked to describe … and … context in which the experience being sampled occurs
A

social;

environmental

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22
Q

Thought and Experience Sampling:

  • relies on …
  • advantage:
    • determines how context influences … and …
  • disadvantage:
    • participant may forget to …
    • … and … affect nature of info reported
A

technological developments;

thought; mood;

record activities;

emotions;

mood

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23
Q

Gender Issues in Assessment

  • personality assessment is influenced by gender
    • assessment measures indicate differential rates of diagnosis based on gender for …
  • therapists may exhibit …
A

emotional disorders;

bias against women

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24
Q

Ethnic Issues in Assessment

  • Asians
    • less likely to … for …
  • African Americans
    • personality tests used are …
A

seek help;

emotional problems;

biased

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25
Q

Ethnic Issues in Assessment

  • Hispanics
    • less likely to seek …
      • prefer to seek mental health advice from their …
  • translation of personality tests
    • … and … expressions
    • problems arising from … application
A

psychological treatment;

family physician;

slang; colloquial;

cross-culture

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26
Q

Personality Assessment Highlights

  • Asians tend to score:
    • high in …
    • low in … and ..
A

collectivism;

assertiveness; optimism

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27
Q

Personality Assessment Highlights

  • Hispanics tend to score:
    • high in …
    • high in … symptoms following injuries
A

collectivism;

PTSD

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28
Q

Personality Assessment Highlights

  • African-Americans tend to score:
    • low on …
    • low on … and … (if they identify with …)
    • low on … if they perceive … against them
A

trust;

hopelessness; depression; Black cultural values;

self-esteem; discrimination

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29
Q

Personality Research Methods:

  • … method
  • … method
  • … method
  • … method
A

clinical;

experimental;

virtual research;

correlational

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30
Q

clinical method:

  • case study: detailed … of an individual
    • contains data from …
    • consistences in the patient’s lives are used by theorists to … their findings
    • advantage: provides an … view of one’s personality
A

history;

various sources;

generalize;

in-depth

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31
Q

clinical method:

  • case study:
    • disadvantages:
      • no … and control of the … and … methods
      • …
      • accuracy of … cannot be checked
A

precision; experimental; correlational;

subjective;

childhood memories

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32
Q

experimental method

  • involves determining effects of … or … on …
    • an … is arranged by psychologists
A

variables;

events;

behavior;

experimental situation

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33
Q

Experimental Method

  • .. variable: variable that is manipulated
  • … variable: variable that is measured
  • … group: exposed to experimental treatment
  • … group: does not receive experimental treatment
A

independent;

dependent;

experimental;

control

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34
Q

experimental method:

  • advantages: … and …
  • disadvantages:
    • … and … reasons restrict control over some aspects of personality and behavior
    • dependent variable is influenced by the …
A

well controlled; systematic;

safety; ethical;

subject’s attitude

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35
Q

Virtual Research Method

  • online test administration:
    • … tests
    • …
    • subject responses to …
    • advantages:
      • … responses
      • …
      • reaches … of subjects
A

psychological;

opinion surveys;

experimental stimuli;

fast;

inexpensive;

broad range

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36
Q

Virtual Research Method

  • online tests:
    • disadvantages:
      • sample may not …
      • online test-takers may have different … from …
      • … and … of data is questionable
A

represent the population;

characteristics; non-responders;

honesty; accuracy

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37
Q

Correlational Method:

  • measures the … between two variables
    • expressed by the …, which ranges from …. to …
A

degree of relationship ;

correlation coefficient;

  • 1.00; +1.00
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38
Q

Correlational Method

  • advantage:
    • helps make … in the real world
  • disadvantage:
    • … conclusions may be flawed
A

predictions;

cause and effect

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39
Q

Theory in the Study of Personality

Theory: provides the … to describe data in a …

  • set of principles that must:
    • be … and capable of …
    • be able to … and … data by organizing those data into …
    • help understand …
A

framework; meaningful;

testable; stimulating research;

clarify; explain;

coherent framework;

behavior

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40
Q

Questions about human nature:

  • … or …
  • … or …
  • … or … of childhood
  • … or …
  • … or …
  • … or …
A

free will; determinism;

inherited nature; nurturing environment;

dependent; independent;

unique; universal;

satisfaction; growth;

optimism; pessimism

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41
Q

The Person and the Situation:

  • both the … and the … contribute to behavior
  • individual’s personality determines:
    • how .. he/she is from others
    • how he/she … in the different situations
A

situation; person;

different;

behaves

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42
Q

The Personality

  • … behavior … and … processes originating within the individual
A

consistent;

patterns;

intrapersonal

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43
Q

The Personality

  • consistent behavior patterns and intrapersonal processes originating within the individual
    • consistent patterns of behavior
      • to an extent, individual behavior is consistent across … and …
    • intrapersonal processes
      • …, …, and … processes that influence individual’s … and …
A

time; situations;

emotional;

motivational;

cognitive;

feelings;

actions

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44
Q

Approaches to Personality

  • psychoanalytic
    • … is responsible for important differences in behavior styles
  • traait
    • an individual lies along a … of …
A

unconscious mind;

continuum;

various personality characteristics

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45
Q

Approaches to Personality

  • biological
    • … and … contribute to differences in personality
  • humanistic
    • … and feelings of … cause differences in personality
A

inherited predispositions; physiological processes;

personal responsibility; self-acceptance

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46
Q

Approaches to Personality

  • behavioral/social learning
    • consistent behavior patterns are the result of … and …
  • cognitive
    • people … to explain differences in behavior
A

conditioning; expectations;

process information

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47
Q

Aggression

  • psychoanalytic approach’s explanation
    • people possess an unconscious desire to …
      • … impulses are expressed against others in the form of …
    • aggression occurs when people are blocked from …
A

self-destruct;

self-destructive;

aggression;

reaching their goals

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48
Q

Aggression

  • trait approach’s explanation
    • focuses on … and the … of aggressive behavior
      • aggressive … are most likely to become …
A

individual differences;

stability;

children;

aggressive adults

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49
Q

Aggression

  • biological approach’s explanation
    • … towards aggression
    • …
A

genetic predisposition;

evolutionary theory

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50
Q

Aggression

  • humanistic approach’s explanation
    • people are …
    • aggresion arises when something … with …
      • …, poor …
A

basically good;

interferes;

natural growth process;

inadequate basic needs;

self-image

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51
Q

Aggression

  • cognitive explanation
    • certain … in the … trigger a network of … and …
A

cues; environment;

aggressive thoughts; emotions

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52
Q

Depression

  • psychoanalytic approach’s explanation
    • depression is a result of holding unconscious feelings of … and …
  • trait approach’s explanation
    • focuses on identifying … individuals
    • person’s general emotional level at present can indicate that person’s …
A

anger; hostility;

depression-prone;

emotions in the future

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53
Q

Depression

  • biological approach’s explanation
    • certain people … to depression
  • humanistic approach’s explanation
    • people frequently suffering from depression are those who have ..
A

inherit a genetic susceptibility;

low self-worth

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54
Q

Depression

  • behavioral/social approach’s explanation
    • depression results from a lack of … in a person’s life
  • cognitive approach’s explanation
    • depression depends on how people … their …
    • certain individuals use a … to interpret and process info
A

positive reinforcers;

interpret; inability to control events;

depressive filter

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55
Q

Depression

  • what causes depression?
    • depending on which approach to personality you adopt, you might expain depression in terms of:
      • …
      • a …
      • an …
      • ….
      • a lack of …
      • …
A

anger turned inward;

stable trait;

inherited predisposition;

low self-esteem;

reinforcers;

negative thoughts

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56
Q

Personality and Culture

  • … influences an individual’s personality
  • individualistic cultures:
    • emphasize on … and …
    • individuals perceive themselves as … and …
    • includes … countries and …
A

cultural context;

individual needs; accomplishments;

independent; unique;

Northern European; the US

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57
Q

Personality and Culture

  • collectivist cultures: emphasize on … to a …
    • …, …, or …
      *
A

belonging; larger group;

family; tribe; nation

58
Q

Personality and Culture

  • collectivist cultures
    • includes …, …, …, and … countries
  • cultural context influences … of an individual’s behavior
A

Asian; African; Central American; South Americaan;

interpretation

59
Q

Study of Personality: Theory, Application, Assessment and Research

  • genetic vs environmental influences
    • biological and … theorists argue that psychologists fail to recognize the significance of …
    • psychoanalytic theorists emphasize … and …
A

trait;

inherited predispositions;

innate needs; unconscious behavior patterns

60
Q

Study of Personality: Theory, Application, Assessment and Research

  • genetic versus environmental influences
    • humanistic, behavioral/social learning, and cognitive theorists rarely emphasize … on personality
    • psychoanalytic approach is divided into two sections:
      • …
      • …
A

inherited influences;

Freudian;

Neo-Freudian

61
Q

Study of Personality: Theory, Application, Assessment and Research

  • each of the personality theorists covered in these pages presents a … model for how human personality is structured and how it operates
  • these applications include …, …, …, and … at work
A

comprehensive;

psychotherapy;

education;

religion;

performance

62
Q

Study of Personality: Theory, Application, Assessment and Research

  • if you take the time to try each of these inventories, not only will you obtain a better understanding of how psychologists from the different approaches measure personality, but you will also gain insight into your own personality
  • the second chapter within each of the seven sections is devoted entirely to research relevant to that approach
  • by examining a handful of … in depth for each of the approaches, you will see how theories … and how the findings from one study typically lead to new questions and more research
A

research topics;

generate research

63
Q

Study of Personality: Theory, Application, Assessment and Research

  • it’s difficult to make it through college without taking a personality test somewhere along the way. one reason that self-report inventories are frequently used in personality research can be seen here - researchers can … from a … of people
A

quickly collect info;

large number

64
Q
  • personality psych is concerned with the … among people. Although there is no agreed-upon definition, personality is defined here as consistent … and … originating with the individual
A

differences;

behavior patterns;

intrapersonal processes

65
Q
  • for convenience, the many theories of personality are divided into six general categories:
    • …
    • …
    • …
    • …
    • …/….
    • …
  • each approach provides a different focus for explaining individual differences in behavior. the six approaches can be thought of as … models for understanding human personality, although occassionally they present competing accounts of behavior
A

psychoanalytic;

trait;

biological;

humanistic;

behavioral/social learning;

cognitive;

complementary

66
Q
  • personality psychologists need to consider the … from which an individual comes. most of the findings reported in this book are baed on research in …, such as the US. However, these results don’t always … to people in collectivist cultures
  • a thorough understanding of human personality requires more than the … Consequently, we’ll also examine how each of the approaches is applied to practical concerns, how each deals with … and some of the research relevant to the issues and topics addressed by the theories
A

culture;

individualistic cultures;

generalize;

study of theory;

personality assessment

67
Q

Life of Freud

  • 1856-1939
  • early years
    • father was a …
    • mother was extremely … and …
    • possessed a high degree of … and an intense ambition to …
    • explored the benefits of …
A

strict authoritarian;

protective;

loving;

self-confidence;

succeed;

cocaine

68
Q

Life of Freud

  • worked as a …
  • studied with …
    • alerted Freud to the possible … basis of …
A

clinical neurologist;

Charcot;

sexual; neurosis

69
Q

Life of Freud

  • personal sexual conflicts
    • possessed a … toward sex
    • was occasionally … during his marriage
A

negative attitude;

impotent

70
Q

Life of Freud

  • experienced a severe …
  • developed …
    • … himself through the study of his …
  • published his work and developed group of …
A

neurotic episode;

psychoanalytic practice;

psychoanalyzed; dreams;

disciples

71
Q

Instincts

  • mental representations of … that drive a person to …
  • form of … that connects … and … of the mind
  • homeostatic approach
    • people are motivated to … and … a …
A

internal stimuli;

take action;

energy;

needs;

wishes;

restore;

maintain;

physiological equilibrium

72
Q

Types of Instincts

  • Life instincts
    • oriented towards …
    • libido: drives a person towards … and …
    • …: investment of psychic energy in an object/person
A

survival;

pleasurable behaviors; thoughts;

cathexis

73
Q

Types of Instincts

  • death instincts
    • unconscious drive toward …, …, and …
    • aggressive drive: compulsion to …, …, and …
A

decay; destruction; aggression;

destroy; conquer; kill

74
Q

Freud’s Levels and Structures of Personality

  • …: contact with outside world
  • …: material just beneath the surface of awareness
  • …: difficult to retrieve material; well below the surface of awareness
A

conscious;

preconscious;

unconscious

75
Q

Freud’s Levels and Structures of Personality

  • ego: … principle, … thinking
  • Id: … principle, … thinking
  • Superego: …
A

reality;

secondary process;

pleasure;

primary process;

moral imperatives

76
Q

Structure of Personality

  • Id
    • aspect of personality allied with …
    • operates in accordance with the pleasure principle, which functions to … and …
    • primary process thought: … thinking by which the id attempts to …
A

instincts;

avoid pain;

maximize pleasure;

childlike;

satisfy the instinctual drives

77
Q

Structure of Personality

  • Ego
    • … master of the personality
    • operates in accordance with the reality principle, which provides appropriate … on the expression of the …
    • secondary process thought: … thought processes needed to deal … with the external world
A

rational;

constraints;

id instincts;

mature;

rationally

78
Q

Structure of Personality

  • superego
    • … aspect of personality
    • components
      • …: contains behaviors for which the child has been punished
      • …: contains moral/ideal behaviors for which a person should strive
A

moral;

conscience;

ego-ideal

79
Q

Anxiety

  • conflicts …:
    • reality anxiety: fear of …
    • neurotic anxiety: conflicts between … and …
    • moral anxiety: conflicts between … and …
A

threaten the ego;

tangible dangers;

id; ego;

id; superego

80
Q

purpose of anxiety

  • signals a problem with …
    • alerts the individual that the … is being threatened
  • induces .. in the individual
    • becomes a … the individual is motivated to …
A

personality;

ego;

tension;

drive;

satisfy

81
Q

Defense Mechanisms

  • … strategies to defend against … provoked by conflicts of daily life
  • characteristics:
    • involve … or …
    • operate …
A

ego;

anxiety;

denials; distortions of reality;

unconsciously

82
Q

Freudian Defense Mechanisms:

  • Repression: involves … of the existence of something that causes anxiety
  • Denial: involves … of an external threat/traumatic event
  • Reaction Formation: involves expressing an … that is … of the one truly driving the person
A

unconscious denial;

denying the existence;

id impulse; opposite

83
Q

Freudian Defense Mechanisms:

  • Projection: involves …
  • Regression: involves retreating to an …, … period of life and displaying the … and … behaviors characteristic of that more secure time
A

attributing a disturbing impulse to someone else;

earlier; less frustrating;

childish; dependent

84
Q

Freudian Defense Mechanisms:

  • rationalization: involves … behavior to make it more … and less …
  • displacement: involves shifting id impulses from a … or …. object to a … that is …
A

reinterpreting;

acceptable;

threatening;

threatening; unavailable;

substitute object; available

85
Q

Freudian Defense Mechanisms:

  • sublimation: involves … or … id impulses by … into … behaviors
A

altering;

displacing;

diverting instinctual energy;

socially acceptable

86
Q

Psychosexual stages

  • personality develops in stages through which all children pass
    • gratification of id instincts depends on the … of …
  • each stage is defined by an …
  • must … to move to next stage
A

stimulation; corresponding areas of the body;

erogenous zone;

resolve conflict

87
Q

Psychosexual stages

  • fixation: portion of … remains … in one of the stages
    • caused due to … or …
A

libido; invested;

excessive frustration; gratification

88
Q

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development

  • Oral
    • Ages: … - …
    • Characteristics:
      • … is the primary erogenous zone
      • pleasure derived from …
      • … is dominant
A

Birth; 1;

mouth;

sucking;

id

89
Q

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development:

  • Anal
    • Ages: … - …
    • … (…) interferes with gratification received from …
A

1; 3;

toilet training; external reality;

defecation

90
Q

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development:

  • Phallic
    • ages: … to …
    • … fantasies
    • …
    • …
    • … development
A

4; 5;

incestuous;

Oedipus complex;

anxiety;

superego

91
Q

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development:

  • Latency:
    • ages: … - …
    • period of … of …
A

5; puberty;

sublimation;

sex instinct

92
Q

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development:

  • Genital
    • Ages: … - …
    • development of … and …
A

adolescence; adulthood;

sex-role identity;

adult social relationships

93
Q

Phallic stage:

  • in boys
    • oedipus complex: unconscious desire for the …
      • desire to … or … the father
      • …: fear that his … will be … by the father
      • resolve the complex by …
A

mother;

replace; destroy;

castration anxiety; penis; cut off;

identifying with the father

94
Q

Phallic Stage

  • in girls:
    • electra complex: unconscious desire for the …
      • desire to … or … the mother
      • …: … of the male bc of … and a sense of …
A

father;

replace;

destroy;

penis envy;

envy;

penis possession;

loss

95
Q

Freud About Human Nature:

  • Freud’s view was …
    • ultimate goal in life - to …
    • recognized … in human nature
    • personality is determined by …
    • contended that psychoanalysis can create …
A

deterministic;

reduce tension;

universality;

early childhood interactions;

free will

96
Q

Assessments in Freud’s Theory

  • Free Association
    • saying …
    • …: expression of emotion expected to reduce symptoms
    • problems:
      • …: block or refusal of painful memories
A

whatever comes to mind;

catharsis;

resistances

97
Q

Assessments in Freud’s Theory

  • Dream Analysis
    • dreams show …, …, and …
    • types:
      • … content - actual dream events
      • … content - hidden and symbolic meaning
A

repressed desires; fears; conflicts;

manifest;

latent

98
Q

Freud’s Research

  • Freud used the … method
  • scientific research is done with … - perception below the threshold of …
  • some concepts are …
A

case study;

subliminal perception;

conscious awareness;

difficult to measure

99
Q

Freud’s Research

  • Research supports Freud’s concepts of:
    • influence of the …
    • …, …, …, and …
    • dreams as a reflection of …
    • …
A

unconscious;

displacement; repression; denial; projection;

emotional concerns;

freudian slip

100
Q

Extensions of Freudian Theory

  • Anna Freud and … psychology
    • expanded the role of …
    • held that the … operates independent of the …
A

ego;

ego;

ego;

id

101
Q

Reflections on Freud’s Theory

  • psychoanalysis has had an impact on
    • psychological … and …
    • the image of …
    • understanding …
    • the emerging study of …
A

theories; practices;

human nature;

personality;

motivation

102
Q

Reflections on Freud’s Theory

  • Criticisms of psychoanalysis
    • emphasis on …, …, and …
    • lack of … and … human qualities
    • … definitions of Freudian concepts
A

biology;

determinism;

sex;

healthy; positive;

ambiguous

103
Q

Jung’s Theory of Personality: Analytic Psych

  • disagreed with Freud regarding the:
    • role of …
    • forces that …
    • …
A

sexuality;

influence personality;

unconscious

104
Q

Life of Jung

  • 1875 - 1961
  • viewed:
    • father as …, …, and …
    • mother as … and …
A

kind;

weak;

powerless;

powerful;

emotionally unstable

105
Q

Life of Jung

  • …, …, and …
    • found solace in his …, …, and …
A

introverted; lonely; isolated;

dreams; visions; fantasies

106
Q

Life of Jung:

  • studied … and specialized in …
  • became a disciple of …
    • severed the relationship after disagreements
  • had a … episode
    • overcame through self analysis of his …
  • engaged in … behavior
A

medicine; psychiatry;

Freud;

neurotic;

unconscious;

bizarre

107
Q

Psychic Energy: Basis of Jung’s System

  • libid: broad generalized form of …
    • …: term for personality
A

psychic energy;

psyche

108
Q

Principles of Psychic Energy

  • … principle: conflict between opposing processs required to generate …
  • … principle: continuous redistribution of energy
    • expended or weakened energy is transferred elsewhere in the personality
  • … principle: tendency toward balance or equilibrium
A

opposition;

psychic energy;

equivalence;

entropy

109
Q

aspects of personality:

  • …
  • …
  • psychological …
  • psychological …
  • …
  • …
  • the…
  • …
A

ego;

attitudes;

functions;

types;

personal unconscious;

complexes;

collective unconscious;

archetypes

110
Q

Ego:

  • … aspect of the psyche
  • selective about what is …
A

conscious;

admitted into awareness

111
Q

attitudes of the psyche:

  • extraversion - orientation toward … and …
  • introversion - orientation toward … and …
A

external world; others;

one’s own thoughts; feelings

112
Q

pychological functions:

  • ways of perceiving a person’s … and …
    • nonrational: …, ….
    • rational: …, …
A

external; internal world;

sensing; intuition;

thinking; feeling

113
Q

Jung’s psychological types:

  • extraverted thinking:
    • …, …, …
  • extraverted feeling:
    • …, …, …; more typical of … than …
A

logical; objective; dogmatic;

emotional; sensitive; sociable; women; men

114
Q

Jung’s psychological types:

  • extraverted sensing:
    • …, … seeking, …
  • extraverted intuiting:
    • …, able to … and to …
A

outgoing;

pleasure;

adaptable;

creative;

motivate others;

seize opportunities

115
Q

Jung’s psychological types:

  • introverted thinking:
    • more interested in … than in …
  • introverted feeling:
    • …, …, yet capable of …
A

ideas; people;

reserved; undemonstrative; deep emotion

116
Q

Jung’s psychological types:

  • introverted sensing:
    • outwardly …, expressing themselves in …
  • introverted intuiting:
    • concerned with the …. more than …
A

detached; aesthetic pursuits;

unconscious; everyday reality

117
Q

Jung’s psychological types:

  • …
  • ….
  • …
  • …
  • …
  • …
  • …
  • …
A

extraverted thinking;

extraverted feeling;

extraverted sensing;

extraverted intuiting;

introverted thinking;

introverted feeling;

introverted sensing;

introverted intuiting

118
Q

the personal unconscious and complexes

  • personal unconscious: reservoir for material that was …
    • similar to …
  • complexes: pattern of …, …, …, and … in the personal unconscious
    • organized around a …
    • may be … or …
A

once conscious;

Freud’s preconscious;’

emotions;

memories;

perceptions;

wishes;

common theme;

conscious; unconscious

119
Q

The collective unconscious and archetypes

  • collective unconscious: … of the psyche
    • contains the accumulation of … of human and pre-human species
  • archetypes: images of … in the collective unconscious
A

deepest level;

inherited experiences;

universal experiences

120
Q

Archetypes:

  • persona archetype: … or … presented to others
  • shadow archetype: contains … instincts
  • self archetype: …, …, and … of the total personality
A

public face; role;

primitive animal;

unity; integration; harmony

121
Q

Archetypes:

  • opposite sex characteristics:
    • animus archetype:
      • … aspect of the … psyche
    • anima archetype:
      • … aspect of the … psyche
A

masculine; female;

feminine; male

122
Q

Jung’s Developmental Stages

  • childhood
    • … development begins when the child distinguishes between … and …
A

ego;

self;

others

123
Q

Jung’s Develomental Stages:

  • puberty to young adulthood:
    • adolescents must adapt to the growing demands of …
    • The focus is …, on …, … and …
    • the … is dominant
A

reality;

external;

education;

career;

family;

conscious

124
Q

Jung’s Developmental Stages

  • middle age: a period of transition when focus of the personality shifts from … to … in an attempt to balance the … with the …
A

external;

internal;

unconscious;

conscious

125
Q

Individuation: how to reach fulfillment

  • integration of all … and … facets of personality
A

conscious; unconscious

126
Q

Individuation steps;

  • confront the …
  • dethrone the …
  • accept the …
  • accept the … and …
  • …
A

unconscious;

persona;

dark side;

anima; animus;

transcend

127
Q

Questions About Human Nature

  • … and …
  • mixed position about … and … influences
A

deterministic; free will;

nature; nurture

128
Q

Questions About Human Nature

  • … and … focus
  • uniqueness …
  • growth …
  • …
A

past; present;

fades over time;

throughout life;

optimistic

129
Q

Jung’s Assessment Techniques

  • word-association test:
    • … technique
    • person responds to a stimulus word with …
    • uncovers …
A

projective;

any word that comes to mind;

complexes

130
Q

Jung’s Assessment Techniques

  • symptom analysis
    • similar to …
    • … report of symptoms
    • …. of …
A

catharsis;

verbal;

interpretation; free associations

131
Q

Jung’s Assessment Techniques

  • Dream Analysis
    • interpretation of dreams to uncover …
    • held that dreams are … and …
    • used … to analyze dreams
A

unconscious content;

prospective; compensatory;

amplification

132
Q

Jung’s Assessment Techniques

  • Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
    • based on Jung’s … and ….
    • popular …
    • used for … and …
A

psychological types; attitudes;

self-report inventory;

hiring; promotion

133
Q

Research on Jung’s Theory

  • used life-history reconstruction:
    • examining … to identify … patterns that may explain present …
  • analysis of data was … and …
    • no … and verification of …
A

past experience;

developmental;

neuroses;

subjective; unreliable;

verbatim; accuracy

134
Q

Research on Jung’s Theory

  • psychological types
    • introverts prefer … and … jobs
    • extraverts prefer … jobs
A

technical; scientific;

socially oriented

135
Q

Research on Jung’s Theory

  • extraverts score higher on … and …
  • introverts prefer …
A

happiness; life satisfaction;

online social contact

136
Q

Research on Jung’s Theory

  • female midlife crisis:
    • … experience greater emotional difficulties
    • … women feel greater self-satisfaction
    • midlife crisis is resolved more easily by women with …
    • … applies to women as well as to men
A

homosexual women;

black women;

independent careers;

individuation

137
Q

Reflections on Jung’s Theory

  • Contributions
    • … became a standard projective technique
      • inspired the development of … test and … techniques
    • influenced future theorists
A

word association;

Rorschach inkblot;

lie-detection

138
Q

Reflections on Jung’s Theory

  • Contributions
    • first to emphasize the role of … in determining behavior
    • … is supported by considerable research
A

future;

midlife crisis

139
Q

Reflections on Jung’s Theory

  • criticisms
    • concepts were difficult to …
    • writings were … and lacked …
    • embrace of the … and …
A

understand;

inconsistent;

systematization;

occult; supernatural

Psych of Personality (12 decks)

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