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Anatomy and Physiology I > Exam 3: Integumentary System > Flashcards

Exam 3: Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Integumentary system as protective barrier?

A 
mechanical damage
toxins
dehydration - levels in 3rd degree burns
uv light - vitamin D
infection
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2
Q

Integumentary system and homeostasis and excretion

A

homeostasis: fluid, thermoregulation
excretion: glands

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3
Q

integumentary system in immunological and endocrine aspects

A

immunological: antigen processing
endocrine: growth factors

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4
Q

Integumentary system as vitamin production and sensory

A

vitamin production: vitamin D

sensory - thermoreceptors, pain receptors

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5
Q

Integumentary Components

A

skin - cutaneous membrane (epidermis, dermis)

accessory structures - glands, hair, nails

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6
Q

embryo covered by a single layer of ectodermal cells over mesenchymal tissue

A

embryo - first month

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7
Q

two layers of ectoderm form; deep basal layer will give rise to the epidermis
- the superficial layer forms the periderm

A

embryo - 2nd month

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8
Q

3 germ cell layers

A

endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm

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9
Q

what layer is superficial?

A

periderm

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10
Q

periderm function

A

protect you from fluid environment of the amniotic fluid

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11
Q

deep layer

A

basal

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12
Q

what does the basal layer give rise to?

A

epidermis

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13
Q

when does the periderm stay until?

A

keratin can be made by your own cells

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14
Q

multiple layers form, proliferation of basal layer

A

fetus - 3rd and 4th month

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15
Q

keratinocytes differentiate
keratinization occurs
confined layers appear
periderm breaks down once keratinization is present

A

5th month plus

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16
Q

keratinocytes

A

produce keratin

prevent from drying out, irritation

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17
Q

3 key points of the dermis

A
  1. dermis development lags behind epidermis by 1-2 weeks
  2. dermis development influences epidermal development by secreting epidermal growth factor
  3. proliferation in epidermis causes response in dermis - thickens
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18
Q

feedback between the dermis and epidermis

A

as epidermis thickens above the dermis, pressure inc in the dermis and the dermis thickens by secreting growth factor
- dermis sends signals for epidermis to get thicker, then causing dermis thickening underneath it

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19
Q

example of epidermis and dermis interactions

A

calluses on hands

- not system wide, just where the pressure is

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20
Q

the dermis originates from how many sites?

A

4

3 mesodermal and 1 ectodermal

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21
Q

dermis of back

A

derived from paraxial somites

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22
Q

dermis of ventral body and appendages

A

lateral mesoderm

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23
Q

dermis of cranium

A

superior somites

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24
Q

dermis of face and ventral neck

A

ectoderm

  • same place you get epidermis from
  • may see inc in glandular concentration since all ectoderm
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25
Q

somites

A

segmented regions lateral to the neural tube

- give rise to muscle, nerve, vertebrae, and skin of the region

26
Q

what is the skin severed by the nerve known as

A

dermatome

27
Q

most of the dermis is….

A

mesoderm

28
Q

skin development of dermis - 2nd month embryo

A

dermis begins secretion of growth factors

- locks dermis into epidermis

29
Q

when does the dermis thicken and differentiate into corium and subcorium

A

fetus 3-4 months

30
Q

corium

A

forms dermal papillae that push into epidermis

31
Q

sub corium

A

contains adipose and will separate into the subcutaneous layer

32
Q

fetus 5th month + dermis

A

dermis reticular layer develops

  • most dense irregular connective tissue that locks into papillae
33
Q

where can dermatomes be seen (example)

A

shingles

  • lysogenic, dormant in peripheral nerve. when it goes lysogenic you see rash in dermis of dermatome associated with that nerve
  • not bilateral
    dermatome: skin and nerves innervate skin
34
Q

5 epidermal layers of skin

A

basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucisum, corneum

35
Q

2 dermal layers of skin

A

dermal papillae

reticular

36
Q

basale

A

deepest layer, mitotically active cells, stem cells (keratinocytes), germinativum

37
Q

spinosum

A

several layers, cells enlarge, put out projections and attach by desmosomes
dehydration gives cells spiked appearance

38
Q

granulosum

A

produces keratohyalin granules
grainy appearance
precursor to hydrophobic fiber

39
Q

lucidum

A

subdivision of corneum layer
visible in thick skin
- palm of hand, sole of feet (hard for hair to pass through thick skin)
thin skin - no lucidum layer

40
Q

corneum

A

cells are anucleated; keratohyalin is transformed into keratin filaments; deeper layers have extra-cellular lipid barrier for water-proofing

41
Q

dermal papillae

A

fingerlike projections that lock the dermis into epidermal ridges (areolar connective tissue)

42
Q

reticular

A

thicker portion
dese, irregular connective tissue
bundles oriented along tension lines (langer’s lines)

43
Q

Langer lines

A

correspond to mechanical tension on skin

  • fiber bundles in dermis line up on these lines
  • surgical incisions made parallel to the lines to heal with little scarring
44
Q

melanocytes

A

begin migration from neural crest at 2 months

  • infiltrate stratum basale at 3 months
  • dendritic cells connecting to basale and deeper spinosum keratinocytes
  • pigment is produced by tyrosinase and located in melanosomes
45
Q

langerhans cells

A

originate in mesenchyme of bone marrow precursors

  • infiltrate spinosum
  • immunological outposts
  • has both mhc I and II
  • have receptors for complement and Fc
  • can present antigens
46
Q

merkel’s discs

A

migrate from neural crest at 4 months

  • infiltrates basale and interacts with free nerve endings in dermis
  • tactile receptor
47
Q

accessory structures that infiltrate dermis

A

hair, glands, nails

48
Q

what is the development of hair initiated by?

where does localized thickening of epidermis occur?

A
  • signal from dermal fibroblasts

- occurs in placodes

49
Q

what do underlying dermal mesenchymal cells aggregate?

A

condensates

50
Q

the peg epithelial cells envelope the _____ which becomes the _____

A

dermal condensate
dermal papilla
- cells in contact become matrix - mitotic region

51
Q

eumelanin

A

black or brown hair

52
Q

pheomelanin

A

blonde, red hair

53
Q

dermal papilla contains the ___

A

blood supply

54
Q

matrix produces cells that differentiate into all hair structures…

A

medulla
cortex
cuticle

55
Q

outer root sheath

A

protective and in contact with basement memrbane

56
Q

inner root sheath

A

forms channel

57
Q

structure of hair

A

like a pencil

  • inner portion medulla
  • around medulla = cortex
  • outer = cuticle
58
Q

cuticle

A

single, overlapping layers of transparent cells

59
Q

cortex

A

main bulk of hair - contains pigment and protein fibrils

- determines strength and elasticity

60
Q

macrofibril

A

complex of interconnnected fibrils that run length of the shaft

61
Q

medulla

A

central hollow core

may be absent or fragmented

Anatomy and Physiology I (17 decks)

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