Exam 3 (funeral Service Psychology And Counseling Chapters 4 & 7) Flashcards
Bowlby’s attachment theory states
- humans have an instinctive need to form strong attachments to others
- attachments come from a need for security and safety
- situations that in danger the bond of attachment give rise to emotional reactions
- The greater the potential loss the more intense the reaction
Eric Lindemann describes “grief syndrome” where the bereaved exhibit behaviors of
- somatic or bodily distress
- preoccupation with the image of the deceased
- guilt relating to the deceased in the circumstances of the death
- hostile reactions
- The inability to function as one had before the death
Grief syndrome
A set of symptoms associated with loss
Lindemann also coined the phrase “grief work” which he described as
- emancipation from bondage to the deceased
- readjustment to the environment in which the deceased is missing
- formation of new relationships
Lindemann defines grief as work because he feels that….
“coping with grief is an experience that is physically, emotionally, and psychologically draining.”
Grief work
A process occurring with loss, and loosening the attachment to the dead or reinvesting in the living
Bowlby’s theory of attachment describes attachment behavior as
Any behavior people develop and maintain that enables them to be close to another individual
Kubler-Ross’s five stages in the process of dying
- denial
- anger
- bargaining
- depression
- acceptance
William Wordon’s 4 tasks of mourning
- accept the reality of the loss
- experience the pain of grief and express emotions associated with it
- adjust to the environment in which the deceased is missing
- withdraw emotional energy and reinvest it in another relationship
Grief counseling
Helping people facilitate grief to a healthy completion of the tasks of grieving within a reasonable time frame
Grief therapy
Specialized techniques which are used to help people with complicated grief reactions
According to Sigmund Freud, a major task of grieving is to withdraw the libido that was invested in the deceased. this causes such symptoms as
- dejection
- loss of interest in the outside world
- loss of the capacity to love
- self reproach
Complicated grief
Abnormal grief response that is more intense than normal grief, yet different than clinical depression
Each year in the United States approximately _____________people die each leaving behind on average five grieving survivors
2.5 million
Complicated grief is also known as
Pathologic, chronic, delayed, masked or exaggerated grief
Chronic grief
A reaction that is prolonged, excessive in duration, and never comes to a satisfactory conclusion
Delayed grief
Also known as inhibited, suppressed, or postponed grief. A reaction that does not occur in a normal timeframe but occurs at a later time
Masked grief
Occurs when a person experiences symptoms and behavior which causes them difficulty but they do not recognize the fact that these are related to the loss
Exaggerated grief
When the reactions to the loss are excessive and disabling
Disenfranchised grief
Introduced by Kenneth Doka. Describes a loss that society believes does not deserve mourning. The loss is not openly acknowledged, socially sanctioned, or publicly shared
Doka describes four types of death that lead to disenfranchisement
- relationship to the deceased is not socially recognized (homosexual relationships)
- loss is not acknowledged by others as being a genuine loss (abortions)
- The grievers are unrecognized
- death is not socially sanctioned
Factors that may complicate grief
– Relationship factors such as ambivalence
–Circumstantial factors such as uncertainty and multiple losses
– Personality factors such as inability to tolerate extreme emotional issues
– Historical factors such as previous complicated grief reactions
Left untreated experts say complicated grief can lead to
Depression, suicide, drug or alcohol abuse, or heart disease
Between ___-___% of all mourners will have their grief turn into complicated grief
15-20
The American Cancer Society describes complicated grief symptoms that may appear in individuals as follows..
- difficulty speaking of the deceased
- constantly bring up themes of death
- ongoing sleep problems
- sudden radical changes in lifestyle
- exhibit self destructive behavior
- continued disbelief of the death
- inability to accept the death
In the new complicated grief therapy, patients are urged to..
- retell the story of the death
- produce audio recording of their story and listen to it repeatedly
- imagined conversation with the person they have lost
- resume activities that satisfy them
