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Thanatology > Exam 3 (Discovering Psychology Ch. 14) > Flashcards

Exam 3 (Discovering Psychology Ch. 14) Flashcards

0
Q

Biomedical therapies

A

The use of medications, or other medical treatments to treat symptoms associated with psychological disorders

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1
Q

Psychotherapy

A

Use of psychological techniques to treat emotional, behavioral and interpersonal problems

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2
Q

Psychological disorders

A

Troubling thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that cause psychological discomfort or interfere with a person’s ability to function

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3
Q

The biomedical theories are based on the assumption that the symptoms of many psychological disorders involve

A

biological factors, such as abnormal brain chemistry

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4
Q

Treating psychological disorders with a combination of __________ and ___________ has become increasingly common.

A

Psychotherapy and biomedical therapy

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5
Q

Clinical psychologist

A

Holds an academic doctorate and is required to be licensed to

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6
Q

Counseling psychologist

A

Holds an academic doctorate and must be licensed to practice. Assesses and treats mental, emotional and behavioral problems and disorders,but usually disorders that are of lesser severity.

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7
Q

Psychiatrist

A

Holds a medical degree and is required to be licensed to practice. Expertise in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental and emotional disorders. Often has training in psychotherapy. May prescribe meds, electroconvulsive therapy, or other medical procedures.

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8
Q

Psychoanalyst

A

Usually a psychiatrist or clinical psychologist who has received additional training in the specific techniques of psychoanalysis, the form of psychotherapy originated by Sigmund Freud.

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9
Q

Licensed professional counselor

A

Holds at least a masters degree in counseling, with extensive supervised training in assessment, counseling, and therapy techniques. May be certified in specialty areas. Most states require licensure or certification.

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10
Q

Psychiatric social worker

A

Holds a masters degree in social work. Training includes an internship in a social service agency or mental health center. Most states require certification or licensing. May or may not have training in psychotherapy.

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11
Q

Marriage and family therapist

A

Usually holds a masters degree, with extensive supervised experience in couple or family therapy. May also have training in individual therapy. Many states require licensing.

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12
Q

Psychiatric nurse

A

Holds an RN degree and has selected psychiatry or mental health nursing as a specialty area. Typically works on hospital psychiatric unit or in a community mental health center. May or may not have training in psychotherapy.

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13
Q

Free association

A

Patients spontaneously reports all thoughts, feelings, and mental images as they come to mind, as a way of revealing unconscious thoughts and emotions.

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14
Q

Psychoanalysis

A
  • Type of psychotherapy originated by Sigmund Freud

- designed to unearth unconscious conflicts so the patient can gain insight as to the real source of their problems

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15
Q

Resistance

A
  • patients unconscious attempts to block the revelation of repressed memories and conflicts
  • patient is uncomfortable, close to uncovering psychologically threatening material
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16
Q

Dream interpretation

A

A technique used in psychoanalysis in which the content of dreams is analyzed for disguised or symbolic wishes, meanings and motivations

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17
Q

Interpretation

A

psychoanalyst offers a carefully timed explanation of the patients dreams

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18
Q

Transference

A

Patient unconsciously responds to the therapist as though the therapist is a significant part of the patient’s life. The therapist is seen as a reincarnation of someone in the past

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19
Q

Short-term dynamic therapies

A
  • time-limited
  • has specific goals
  • involves an active, rather than neutral, role for the therapist
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20
Q

Interpersonal therapy (IPT)

A

A brief, psychodynamic psychotherapy that focuses on current relationships and is based on the assumption that symptoms are caused and maintained by interpersonal problems

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21
Q

Client-centered therapy

A
  • developed by humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers.
  • Therapist is non-directive and reflective
  • client directs the focus of each session
  • most influential
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22
Q

behavior therapy

A

focuses on directly changing maladaptive behavior patterns by using basic learning principles and techniques: also called behavior modification

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23
Q

Counterconditioning

A

modifying behavior by conditioning a new response that is incompatible with a previously learned response

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24
Q

Systematic desensitization

A

phobic responses are reduced by pairing relaxation of the series of mental images or real life situations that the person finds progressively more fear provoking: based on the principle of counterconditioning

25
Q

Aversive conditioning

A

Relatively ineffective type of behavior therapy that involves repeatedly pairing an aversive stimulus with the occurrence of undesirable behaviors or thoughts

26
Q

Token economy

A

A form of behavior therapy in which the therapeutic environment is structured to reward desired behaviors with tokens or points that may eventually be exchanged for tangible rewards

27
Q

Cognitive therapies

A
  • Aaron Beck

- focuses on changing the clients unrealistic and maladaptive beliefs

28
Q

Rational emotive therapy (RET)

A
  • Albert Ellis
  • 1950s
  • people are not disturbed by things, but by their view on things
29
Q

Cognitive therapy (CT)

A

Therapy developed by Aaron T. Beck that focuses on changing the clients unrealistic and maladaptive beliefs

30
Q

Arbitrary inference

A

Drawing a negative conclusion when there’s little or no evidence to support it

31
Q

Selective abstraction

A

Focusing on a single negative detail taken out of context, ignoring the more important aspects of the situation

32
Q

Overgeneralization

A

Drawing a sweeping global conclusion based on an isolated incident and applying that conclusion to other unrelated areas of life

33
Q

Magnification and minimization

A

Grossly over estimating the impact of negative events and grossly underestimated the impact of positive events

34
Q

Personalization

A

Taking responsibility, blaming oneself, or applying external events to oneself when there’s no basis or evidence for making the connection

35
Q

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

A

Therapy that integrates cognitive and behavioral techniques and is based on the assumption that thoughts, moods, and behaviors are interrelated

36
Q

Group therapy

A

A form of psychotherapy that involves one or more therapists working simultaneously with a small group of clients

37
Q

Family therapy

A

A form of psychotherapy that is based on the assumption that the family is a system and treats the family as a unit

38
Q

Eclecticism

A

The pragmatic and integrated use of techniques from different psychotherapies

39
Q

Eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR)

A

Therapy technique in which the client holds a vivid mental image of a troubling event or situation rapidly moving his or her eyes back-and-forth in response to the therapist waving finger or while the therapist administers some other form of bilateral stimulation

40
Q

Exposure therapy

A

Behavioral therapy for phobias, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, or related anxiety disorders in which a person is repeatedly exposed to the disturbing object or situation under controled conditions

41
Q

Psychotropic medications

A

Drugs used in biomedical therapies

42
Q

Antipsychotic medications

A

Prescription drugs that are used to reduce psychotic symptoms; frequently used in the treatment of schizophrenia; also called neuroleptics

43
Q

Atypical antipsychotic medications

A

Newer antipsychotic medications that, in contrast to the early antipsychotic drugs, block dopamine receptors in the brain regions associated with psychotic symptoms rather than more globally throughout the brain, resulting in fewer side effects

44
Q

Antianxiety medications

A

Prescription drugs that are used to alleviate the symptoms of anxiety

45
Q

Lithium

A

A naturally occurring substance that is used in the treatment of bipolar disorder

46
Q

Antidepressant medications

A

Prescription drugs that are used to reduce the symptoms associated with major depressive disorder

47
Q

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

A

Class of antidepressant medications that increase the availability of serotonin in the brain and has fewer side effects than earlier antidepressants; they include Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft

48
Q

Electric conclusive therapy (ECT)

A

Biomedical therapy used primarily in the treatment of major depressive disorder that involves electrically inducing a brief brain seizure; also called electroshock therapy

49
Q

In order to make client-centered counseling work,the therapist needs these three qualities:

A
  • genuineness
  • unconditional positive regard
  • empathetic understanding
50
Q

Genuineness

A

Therapist honestly and openly shares thoughts and feelings with the client

51
Q

Unconditional positive regard

A

Therapist must value, accept and care for the client, whatever problems or behaviors are present

52
Q

Empathetic understanding

A
  • reflect the clients thoughts and feelings as they exist

- therapist must listen actively of the personal meaning beneath the surface of what the client is saying

53
Q

Until very recently, only licensed physicians were legally allowed to prescribe _________ _________

A

Psychotropic medications

54
Q

Joint treatment

A

Treating psychological disorders with psychotherapy and biomedical therapy

55
Q

Humanistic therapy

A

– Emphasizes human potential, self-awareness and freedom of choice
– the most important factor in personality is the individuals conscious, subjective perception of his or herself

56
Q

In client centered therapy the client is moving in the direction of______ _________

A

Self actualization

57
Q

The first behavior therapist was

A

Mary Cover Jones

58
Q

Operant conditioning

A

– BF Skinner

– Based on simple principle that behavior is shaped and maintained by its consequences

59
Q

Shaping

A

Reinforcing successive approximations of the desired behavior. Often used to teach appropriate behaviors to patients with mental illnesses

60
Q

Motivational interviewing

A

Designed to help clients overcome the mixed feelings or reluctance they may have about committing to change

61
Q

Extinction

A

Absence of reinforcement used to reduce the occurrence of undesired behaviors

Thanatology (17 decks)

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