Exam 3: Exercise Addiction Flashcards
Addiction
- Addiction
- From Latin ‘addictio,’ a giving over or surrender.
- Other: a tendency of ______, a devotion.
- Formal: a disease related to _____ reward and motivation that limits control of behavior/emotions.
- Exercise Addiction
- Craving for PA resulting in uncontrollable and ________ exercise behavior that manifests in physiological and psychological symptoms.
habits
brain
excessive
Related Terminology
Exercise dependence Running dependence
Obligatory exercise Exercise commitment
Excessive exercise Compulsive exercise
Habitual running
- Separating addiction from a healthy habit is [easy/difficult].
- Note: some terms feel more pathological than others, but “every form of addiction is ___.” –Carl Jung
difficult
bad
Characteristics of Exercise Dependence
*_________ – more needed to achieve desired effect.
- Withdrawal – cessation results in severe symptoms.
- Lack of ______ – desire to stop/reduce but cannot.
- Intention – unable to limit PA to planned amounts.
*____ – great deal of *____ spent preparing for, participating in, and recovering from PA.
- Reduction in Other Activities – fewer other activities such as social, occupational, and family due to PA.
- Continuance – despite assorted physiological, psychological and/or interpersonal problems.
Tolerance
Control
Time
Compulsive and Impulsive
- Exercise addiction generally does exhibit _________ characteristics.
- Desire for exercise often includes ritual, intrusive thoughts, urges, and cravings.
compulsive
Compulsive and Impulsive
- Exercise addiction generally does not exhibit _______-control characteristics.
- Exercise activity is not impulsive or spontaneous and is preceded by considerable ________.
impulse
thought
Compulsive and Impulsive
*Addictions are unique from impulsive and compulsive disorders because of their dual capacity to reduce ________ affect and increase _______ affect.
negative, positive
Epidemiology
- Questionable Data:
- Up to ¼ of all ‘runners’ and ½ of all triathletes.
- Best Data:
- General: up to 10% of ‘regular exercisers’ are symptomatic.
- Gender: somewhat higher in [men/women?] than [men/women?].
- Age: slightly higher in young to middle adulthood and declining with advanced age.
- __________: disorders existing alongside each other.
- Nicotine, alcohol, or illicit drugs: 15-25%.
- ______ disorders: 40-50%.
higher in men than women
Comorbidities
Eating
Categories of Exercise Dependence
- Primary Exercise Dependence
- _______ is the objective.
- Alterations of body composition or diet are done to enhance performance-related variables (only).
- Secondary Exercise Dependence
- ______ loss/management is the objective.
- Most often linked to eating disorders and/or body image disturbance.
Exercise
Weight
Effects of Exercise Dependence
- Decreased ________ activity.
- Loss of emotional vigor.
- __________ nervous system insufficiency.
- Immunosuppression.
- Decreased ___max.
- Decreased blood ______ levels.
- Increased ______ response.
- Hypothalamic dysfunction.
- Adrenal exhaustion.
anabolic
Sympathetic
VO2
lactate
cortisol
Healthy Habit vs. Addiction
- Characteristics of non-addicted exercise can produce what would seem to be _______-related symptoms.
- Example: negative consequences or time away from other activities.
- The line between _______ and ________ exercise behavior is not always easy to identify.
- Important characteristics to consider:
- Motivation
- Consequences
- Frequency/Volume
- Control
addiction
healthy and unhealthy
Phases of Addiction
1) Recreational Exercise: PA is pleasurable, rewarding, produces ______ benefits, and improves quality of life.
2) At-Risk Exercise: individual feels the mood-altering effects of PA; can be ‘highly engaging’ but may also be problematic; key element is whether the motivation is for _________ (not problematic) or to specifically alter _____ states (maybe problematic).
3) Problematic Exercise: begin to organize life around ________ _______; control over behavior is lessened; may result in trying other forms of PA to deliver desired effect.
4) Exercise Addiction: PA is life’s main organizing principle; motivation is not to feel _____ but to avoid feeling ___.
health
enjoyment, mood
physical activity
good, bad
Addiction Hypotheses
*__________ : increased body temperature reduces somatic anxiety; cooling temperature induces PA to restore desired state.
*____________: release of neurotransmitters regulate mood, attention, and CV responses; newly created parasympathetic state feels ‘too relaxed’ which induces more exercise to restore normal.
*_________: PA is pleasurable which results in down regulation of endorphins; exercise is induced by need to restore pleasurable state.
Thermogenic
Catecholamine
Endorphin
Treatment Considerations
- Significant challenge is __________ of problem behavior.
- Often includes measurement via Exercise Dependence Scale (EDS) or Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI).
- Yields: asymptomatic, _________, and _______.
*________ approach to PA is the goal, not complete abstinence.
- May include limiting PA with main modality and switching to others for a fresh healthy start and approach.
- Cognitive-behavioral therapy is typically included.
- Care is similar to other addictions, but exercise can often be the replacement behavior for addicts of other kinds.
recognition
symptomatic, addicted
Healthy
