Exam 2: Chapter 11 - Depression and Exercise Flashcards
Defining Depression
- Word grew out of Latin: ‘depressio’ which means ‘a pressing down’.
- Early descriptions of depression characterized mood state as ‘melancholia’.
- Defined as a state of ____ mood and ________ to activity that impacts thoughts, behavior, feelings, and sense of well-being.
- Primary feature of clinical syndromes but can also be a normal response to.
low, aversion
Depression Symptomatology
- Sustained feelings of sadness or elation
- Feelings of guilt or worthlessness
- Disturbances in appetite or sleep
- Lack of energy
- Difficulty concentrating
- Loss of interest in all/most activities
- Problems with memory
- Thoughts (ideation) of suicide
- Hallucinations
Exam –> Know the diagnostic of depression –> In textbook
Depression Demographics
- Prevalance: 15+ lifetime rate; 5-10% rate for last 12 months…
- About twice as high in [men/women?]
- [Higher/lower?] in African-Americans.
- Impact: costs is likely more than $40 billion.
- Only 30% of sufferers seek help and only half of those receive adequate treatment.
- Mood disorders rank within the top 10 causes of disability worldwide.
- Important linkages to ______.
- women
- lower
suicide
Nonclinical vs. Clinical Depression
- Nonclinical Depression
- Relatively [mild/moderate/intense?] and ‘__________’ symptoms that do not impact normal function.
- Clinical Depression
- Generally linked to increased number, severity, & persistence of symptoms.
- Determined based on ___ criteria.
*Nonclinical status is present when symptoms are present but below clinical and also warrants health promotion efforts.
mild, transient
DSM
What are the four types of depression?
1) Major depression
2) Bipolar disorder
3) Dysthymia
4) Cyclothymia
Types of Depression Disorders
1) Major Depression: relatively _______ symptoms; typically lasts for several ________; symptoms remit and recur naturally.
severe
months
Types of Depression Disorders
2) Bipolar Disorder: combination of ______ depression and _____.
major, mania
_______: euphoria, low sleep, grandiose or delusional thought, etc.
Mania
Types of Depression Disorders
3) ________: chronic, mild form of major depression
Dysthymia –> major depression
Types of Depression Disorders
4) _________: chronic, mild form of bipolar disorder
Cyclothymia –> bipolar disorder
Depression Etiology
(Etiology: the cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition).
- Not well understood.
- Combination of __________ and ___________ factors interact in response to some stressful event.
- Individual variation in stress responses.
- Result of interactions between biological and psychosocial factors and experience.
physiological, psychological
Treatment Strategies
- ________therapy
- Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
- Tricyclic Antidepressants
- ______therapy
- Psychodynamic
- Cognitive Behavior
- _______ _______
- Occupational
- Sport
- Exercise
Pharmacotherapy
Psychotherapy
Physical Activity
Exercise and Depression
- PA reduces the risk of future _______.
- PA improves diagnosed and nonclinical depression.
- PA likely at least as good as ____________ and ______________ treatment.
- Adherence to PA treatment equals other treatments.
- PA clearly better than no treatment & placebo.
- PA is ____-effective and provides other health effects.
- PA may reduce dosing needs of medication therapy.
- Final analysis: PA is great but optimal prescription remains unknown, so ‘just do it’.
depression
psychotherapy and pharmacological
cost
Exercise Mechanisms
EXAM - Know this slide (Dr. K said the exercise mechanisms will NOT be essay questions…If anything, they will come directly from the PP.)
- Anthropological Hypothesis
- PA replaces activity lost by tech advance.
- We are made to be _____ and PA restores normality.
- Endorphin Hypothesis
- PA produces endogenous opioids (neuropeptides) that acts like morphine.
- Monoamine and Neurogenesis Hypothesis
- PA impact __________ to improve brain chemistry.
- PA facilitates synthesis of brain neurons.
active
neurotransmitters
Exercise Mechanisms
EXAM - Know this slide –> (Dr. K said the exercise mechanisms will NOT be essay questions…If anything, they will come directly from the PP.)
- Mastery Hypothesis
- PA task completion provides _________; induces self-worth and personal control.
- Social Interaction Hypothesis
- PA provides opportunity for ________ with others; conversation and support are natural elements of group exercise.
- Affect Regulation Hypothesis
- PA simply functions to ______ positive mood states and/or _______ negative mood states.
- Thus providing temporary relief of symptoms.
accomplishment
interaction
increase/decrease
