Exam 2: Chapter 10 - Anxiety and Exercise Flashcards
Defining Anxiety
- Prominent consequence of ______ linked to fear and desire to escape or avoid pain and danger.
- Results from ______ perceived to be unavoidable or uncontrollable.
- Associated with inappropriate and disproportionate levels of worry and nervousness.
- Often occurs in absence of an actual threat.
- Often ______ after removal of threat.
*Anxiety - word grew out of the Latin word ‘anxius’ which mean “uneasy, troubled in mind or torment, causes distress.”
stress
threats
persists
The word ______ grew out of the Latin word ‘anxius’ which means, “uneasy, troubled in mind or torment, causes distress.”
Anxiety
Anxiety Symptomatology
- Unpleasant feelings – uncertainty, overwhelmed.
- Bodily symptoms – muscle ______, hyperactivity.
- Changes in cognitions – irrational ____, obsessions, compulsions.
- Changes in behavior - avoidance.
- Vigilance – on the lookout for danger.
tension
fear
Anxiety Demographics
- Represents the most _______ mental health disorder.
- Affects ___+% (maybe 20-30%) of American adults.
- Increasing prevalence in society due to increased number of _______ and more ready diagnosis.
- Total related costs are greater than $40 billion.
- Paxil & Zoloft are top 10 U.S. drugs ($5 billion annually).
prevalent
15+%
stressors
Anxiety Organization
- State vs. Trait Anxiety
- State: transient emotional state of anxiety; assesses anxiety ‘at this ______’.
- Trait: a general disposition to anxiety; anxiety ‘________ or on _______’.
moment
generally, average
Anxiety Organization
- Cognitive vs. Somatic anxiety
- Cognitive: worry or _______-related aspects of anxiety.
- Somatic: _______ and ________ aspects of anxiety.
thought
physical
muscular
Normal vs. Clinical Anxiety
- Normal anxiety
- Mild-to-moderate symptoms from time to time that require no ________.
- Clinical anxiety
- Increased _______ and _______ of symptoms.
- Greater suffering and dysfunction.
- Occurrence without eliciting event.
- Clinical anxiety can generally be prevented with _________ at lower levels.
intervention
number and intensity
intervention
Major Anxiety Disorders
- Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
- Not a _______ stress or any one particular thing.
- “I just feel really anxious…I don’t know what it is.”
- Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
- Obsessive-thinking, acting upon _______.
- Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD)
- Do not like _______ situations.
- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
- The memory of a specific ______ that plays over time.
- Specific Phobia
- Arachnophobia, claustrophobia, agoraphobia, etc.
specific
compulsion
social
trauma
Anxiety Etiology
(Etiology: the cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition)
- Many theories offer partial explanations but nothing definitive to date.
- Potential Mechanisms:
- Genetic
- Neurobiological
- Cognitive
- Sociogenic
Yuh.
Treatment Strategies
- Traditional Methods
1) _________
2) _________ - Alternative Methods
3) _______ _______
4) _________ training
*Benefits of alternative methods include health/fitness improvements and reduced cost and stigma.
1) Medication
2) Counseling
3) Physical activity
4) Mindfulness training
Exercise and Anxiety
- Exercise is clearly more ________ than no treatment.
- Exercise is likely as effective as other treatments.
*All forms of aerobic exercise are similarly effective.
- Benefits of resistance exercise depend on intensity and aspect of anxiety.
- Can increase _______ (physical and muscular) aspects of anxiety.
- Decreases ________ aspects of anxiety.
-[Higher/Lower?] intensity or circuit style training may be optimal dose for resistance training.
effective
somatic
cognitive
Lower
Exercise & Anxiety
[Acute/Chronic] ______ exercise benefits state anxiety.
Acute
Exercise & Anxiety
[Acute/Chronic] ______ exercise benefits trait anxiety
Chronic
Exercise & Anxiety
- ___-fit and highly _______ individuals improve most from exercise training.
- Increased fitness level provides unique benefit beyond simple physical activity participation.
- Vigorous exercise is not necessary for improvements.
- Most benefits of physical activity are time-limited (2-4 hrs) but lesser benefits may persist entire day.
Low-fit, highly anxious
Exercise Mechanisms
- Thermogenic Hypothesis
- PA increases body temperature which induces muscular relaxation.
- Best evidence is for PA impact on brain temperature.
- Distraction/Time-Out Hypothesis
- PA works to ‘leave behind’ the worries of the moment.
-Note: see also mechanisms outlined for exercise and depression.
Yuh.
