exam 3 (28)

Question 1

climate effect on fungal fruiting

Answer 1

when mushrooms made
spring is earlier and fall later
effect greater for mychorrizal fungi in deciduous than forests (LINKED with trees)

Question 2

climate effects on fungi Allison and Treseder 2009

Answer 2

greenhouse to passively warm boreal forest in central alaska

Dec in decomposition by fungi because stressful conditions put more E into maintenance of fungi

Question 3

N deposition and EM forests

Answer 3

N higher in east and midwest
EM forests more common in west (able to breakdown inorganic N)
N dep and %EM tree is inversely correlated
AM trees recruiting best in areas with higher N deposition

Question 4

%EM and Soil C

Answer 4

low N - positive relationship between store C and EM

high N - no longer relationship (stressful conditions)

Question 5

mammal domination of earth

Answer 5

we live in age of mammals
previous era, mesozoic, was dominated by large reptiles, dinosaurs
mammals and birds are endotherms whereas reptiles and amphibians are ectotherms

Question 6

Mammal energetic lifestyle

Answer 6

costly in E endothermy
maintain particular temperature (homotherm)
placental
care for young
slower development

Question 7

reptile energetic lifestyle

Answer 7

ectothermy
poikilotherms (can change temp)
egg-laying
minimum care for young
rapid developement

Question 8

endothermy as antifungal trait

Answer 8

endothermy creates thermal exclusionary zone preventing animals and birds from being colonized by fungi
for every 1 degree C rise, 6% drop in fungi that can colonize
optimum 36.7*C

Question 9

woodhams et al 2003

Answer 9

temperature test for lethal chytrid fungus for amphibians (Bd)
cured if growth at 37*C
disease stronger in cooler, upland sites
Bats infected with white noes syndrome can fully recover if given warmth, food, and water

Question 10

animal immune system importance

Answer 10

adaptive immune system - limit fungal growth
studied cryptococus infections in rabbits –> core temp 40-41*C so nat resistant
fungi can survive on cooler body locations (skin, cornea)

Question 11

asteroid impact dinosaurs

Answer 11

K/T boundary
lead to change from gymno to angio (massive woody vegetation death)
period of major fungal activity

Question 12

conditions ripe for fungal disease (dinosaurs)

Answer 12

weakened by loos of vegetaion and other stressors (immunocompromised)
living at cooler temps due to light blockage (ectotherms)
potentially inhaling massive spore loads