Exam #2: Risk Factors for Heart Disease Flashcards
What is a risk factor?
Characteristic or feature of an individual or population demonstrated to increase the chance of future disease
What is primary prevention?
Strategy to reduce the risk of an initial adverse event
What is secondary prevention?
Strategy to reduce risk of a new adverse event in a patient with a known disease or condition
E.g. a patient with known CAD that are trying to prevent a MI in.
What are the major risk factors in CAD?
1) Dyslipidemia
2) HTN
3) Tobacco use
4) DM
5) Chronic renal disease
Note that these are synergistic; account for most of the risk of MI; one risk factor is associated with 90% of adverse cardiac events
What is the major difference between primary and secondary prevention?
Primary prevention is less cost effective
Describe the multifactorial nature of CHD.
1) Predisposing factors and behavior lead to metabolic abnormalities
2) Metabolic abnormalities lead to quiescent disease markers/ evidence of disease
3) Markers transition to overt disease
What are the non-modifiable risk factors for CHD?
Age
Gender
Family history
What are the diagnostic and screening tests that help us predict CHD risk?
- EET (exercise tolerance test)
- EBT (electron beam tomography)
- ECHO
- CRP
What are the modifiable risk factors of CHD?
Smoking Lipids BP DM Obesity Alcohol Diet Physical Acitivity
What are the preventative medications for CHD?
ASA
Beta Blockers
ACE inhibitors
What are the interventions for CHD?
PCI
CABG
What is the lipid hypothesis?
Elevated serum cholesterol is linked to atherosclerosis
What is the best term for elevated cholesterol? Why?
Dyslipdiemia b/c we are concerned with the ratios of lipids and lipoproteins
What is the “number” for dyslipidemia?
Total cholesterol greater than 240 mg/L
What classification system is used for dyslipidemia today?
Biochemical
