Exam #1: Nutrition and Cardiovascular Disease II

Question 1

What is the definition of HTN?

Answer 1

> 140/90 mmHg

*****If over 60 y/o, >150/90 mmHg

Question 2

What regulates blood pressure?

Answer 2

Renin-angiotensin system– kidney

Question 3

What is the effect of NO on blood pressure?

Answer 3

Lower blood pressure

Question 4

What patient populations are at risk for HTN?

Answer 4

• Obese
• DM
• Elderly
• Low socioeconomic status
• African-Americans, Hispanics
• Alcohol abuse
• Family hx

Question 5

What is the effect of salt on BP?

Answer 5

Salt predisposes to higher BP

Question 6

What is salt sensitivity?

Answer 6

BP variance with salt intake

Question 7

What is the current recommendation for Na+ intake?

Answer 7

Less than 2,300 mg/day

Question 8

What is the effect of hypokalemia on BP and stroke?

Answer 8

• Increases BP

- Increases risk of CVA

Question 9

What is the recommendation for K+ intake?

Answer 9

4,700 mg/day

*****Note that this needs to be from natural sources, NOT supplements

Question 10

Aside from Na+ and K+, what minerals play a role in maintaining normal BP?

Answer 10

Ca++

Mg++

Question 11

How much does systolic BP drop with 10 kg weight loss in an overweight patient?

Answer 11

5-20 mmHg/ 10kg

Question 12

In the 2013 study on protein and CV risk, what was the conclusion?

Answer 12

For patients with high CV risk factors:

• Replacing carbs with protein causes a 90% greater risk of gaining weight
• Overall mortality also increased

Question 13

What is the effect of caffeine on HTN?

Answer 13

• Minor/ temporary effect in INCREASING
• Mod= 3-5 cups/day
• Lower risk of CVD