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Infectious Agents II > Exam 2: Poxviridae > Flashcards

Exam 2: Poxviridae Flashcards

1
Q

What makes poxviruses unique compared to other viruses?

A

It is the largest and most complex of all viruses

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2
Q

What are the 2 subfamilies of poxviruses?

A

Chordopoxvirinae (poxviruses of vertebrates)

Entomopoxvirinae (poxviruses of insects)

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3
Q

What are properties of most genera of poxviruses of vertebrates?

A

Brick-shaped virion
300 x 240 x 100 nm
irregular arrangement of tubules on the outer membrane

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4
Q

What are properties of parapoxvirus?

A

Ovoid
260 x 160 nm
Regular spiral arrangement of tubules on outer membrane

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5
Q

What is the complex structure of poxviruses of vertebrates?

A

Core, lateral bodies, outer membrane, and sometime enveloped

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6
Q

What is the genome of poxviruses of vertebrates?

A

Linear dsDNA

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7
Q

What are poxviruses of vertebrates resistant to?

A

Ambient temperatures

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8
Q

How many genes are in the genome of poxviruses of vertebrates?

A

Approximately 200

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9
Q

What type of replication do poxviruses of vertebrates have?

A

Cytoplasmic replication

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10
Q

What is the virus associated with genus Orthopoxvirus?

A

Vaccinia virus

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11
Q

What is the virus associated with genus Parapoxvirus?

A

Pseudocowpox virus

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12
Q

What is the virus associated with genus Capripoxvirus?

A

Sheeppox virus

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13
Q

What is the virus associated with genus Suipoxvirus?

A

Swinepox virus

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14
Q

What is the virus associated with genus Leporipoxvirus?

A

Myxoma virus

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15
Q

What is the virus associated with genus Avipoxvirus?

A

Fowlpox virus

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16
Q

What is the virus associated with genus Molluscipoxvirus?

A

Molluscum contagiosum virus

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17
Q

What is the virus associated with genus Yatapoxvirus?

A

Yaba monkey tumor poxvirus

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18
Q

What happens between poxviruses of the same genus?

A

Extensive cross-neutralization and cross-protection

Genetic recombination occurs readily

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19
Q

How do poxviruses of vertebrates enter the cell?

A

Fusion or endocytosis

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20
Q

What are all poxvirus infections associated with?

A

Lesions of the skin

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21
Q

What do several poxviruses cause?

A

Generalized disease throughout the viscera and cause significant mortality

22
Q

What do generalized poxvirus infections have a stage of?

A

Cell-associated viremia, which leads to localization in the skin and to a lesser extent in normal internal organs

23
Q

What is the immunity induced by poxviruses like?

A

Long immunity

24
Q

What is the immunity induced by parapoxviruses like?

A

Short, so reinfection is common

25
Q

How is poxvirus diagnosed?

A
  1. Electron microscopic examination
  2. Inoculation of chorioallantoic membrane of chicken embryonated egg
  3. Cell culture
  4. ELISA
  5. Histology- intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies
26
Q

Which diagnostic methods cannot be used for parapoxviruses and molluscum contagiosum virus?

A

Inoculation of chorioallantoic membrane

Cell cultures

27
Q

What are the methods of transmission of poxviruses?

A

Direct contact from skin lesions
Contaminated environment (Orf)
Droplet infection of the respiratory tract (Sheeppox)
Mechanical transmission by insects (Swinepox, Fowlpox, and myxomatosis)

28
Q

What are the viruses in the Orthopoxvirus genus?

A

Vaccinia virus
Cowpox virus
Monkeypox virus
Raccoon poxvirus

29
Q

What animals are found naturally infected with vaccinia virus?

A 
Man
Cow
Buffalo
Pig
Rabbit
30
Q

What animals are found naturally infected with cowpox virus?

A 
Cow
Man
Rats
Cats
Large felines
31
Q

What animals are naturally infected with monkeypox virus?

A 
Squirrels
Prairie dog
Monkey
Great apes
Man
32
Q

What animal is naturaaly infected with raccoon poxvirus?

A

Raccoon

33
Q

What is the zoonosis of the Parapoxvirus genus?

A

They are zoonotic

34
Q

What are the viruses of the Parapoxvirus genus?

A

Pseudocowpox virus
Bovine papular stomatitis virus
Orf virus

35
Q

What animals are found naturally infected with pseudocowpox virus?

A

Cattle

Man

36
Q

What animals are found naturally infected with bovine papular stomatitis virus?

A

Cattle

Man

37
Q

What animals are naturally infected with Orf virus?

A

Sheep
Goat
Man

38
Q

What are the clinical signs of pseudocowpox?

A

A small papule on the teat
Develops into a small, ark red scab and then scabbed
Ring or horseshoe scab
Similar can develop on the muzzle

39
Q

What are the methods of transmission of pseudocowpox virus?

A

Cross-suckling calves
Contaminated milking machines
Mechanical transmission by flies

40
Q

What does Orf affect?

A

Muzzle, lips, eyelids, feet, and teats of ewes

41
Q

What are sheep susceptible to with orf?

A

Reinfection and chronic infection can occur

42
Q

Can ewe be vaccinated for orf?

A

Yes, with live-virus vaccines before lambing

43
Q

What is the immunity assocated with orf vaccines?

A

Short-lived

44
Q

What are the viruses in the capripoxvirus genus?

A

Sheeppox virus
Goatpox virus
Lumpskin disease virus

45
Q

What animals are naturally infected with sheeppox virus?

A

Sheep

Goat

46
Q

What animals are naturally infected with goatpox virus?

A

Goat

Sheep

47
Q

What animals are naturally infected with Lumpyskin disease virus?

A

Cattle

Buffalo

48
Q

What is fowlpox characterized by?

A

Small papules on the comb, wattles, around the beak, feet

49
Q

How can poultry be protected from fowlpox?

A

By vaccination with pigeonpox

50
Q

Is chicken pox a pox virus?

A

It’s a herpes

Infectious Agents II (25 decks)

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