Exam 2: Poxviridae

Question 1

What makes poxviruses unique compared to other viruses?

Answer 1

It is the largest and most complex of all viruses

Question 2

What are the 2 subfamilies of poxviruses?

Answer 2

Chordopoxvirinae (poxviruses of vertebrates)

Entomopoxvirinae (poxviruses of insects)

Question 3

What are properties of most genera of poxviruses of vertebrates?

Answer 3

Brick-shaped virion
300 x 240 x 100 nm
irregular arrangement of tubules on the outer membrane

Question 4

What are properties of parapoxvirus?

Answer 4

Ovoid
260 x 160 nm
Regular spiral arrangement of tubules on outer membrane

Question 5

What is the complex structure of poxviruses of vertebrates?

Answer 5

Core, lateral bodies, outer membrane, and sometime enveloped

Question 6

What is the genome of poxviruses of vertebrates?

Answer 6

Linear dsDNA

Question 7

What are poxviruses of vertebrates resistant to?

Answer 7

Ambient temperatures

Question 8

How many genes are in the genome of poxviruses of vertebrates?

Answer 8

Approximately 200

Question 9

What type of replication do poxviruses of vertebrates have?

Answer 9

Cytoplasmic replication

Question 10

What is the virus associated with genus Orthopoxvirus?

Answer 10

Vaccinia virus

Question 11

What is the virus associated with genus Parapoxvirus?

Answer 11

Pseudocowpox virus

Question 12

What is the virus associated with genus Capripoxvirus?

Answer 12

Sheeppox virus

Question 13

What is the virus associated with genus Suipoxvirus?

Answer 13

Swinepox virus

Question 14

What is the virus associated with genus Leporipoxvirus?

Answer 14

Myxoma virus

Question 15

What is the virus associated with genus Avipoxvirus?

Answer 15

Fowlpox virus

Question 16

What is the virus associated with genus Molluscipoxvirus?

Answer 16

Molluscum contagiosum virus

Question 17

What is the virus associated with genus Yatapoxvirus?

Answer 17

Yaba monkey tumor poxvirus

Question 18

What happens between poxviruses of the same genus?

Answer 18

Extensive cross-neutralization and cross-protection

Genetic recombination occurs readily

Question 19

How do poxviruses of vertebrates enter the cell?

Answer 19

Fusion or endocytosis

Question 20

What are all poxvirus infections associated with?

Answer 20

Lesions of the skin

Question 21

What do several poxviruses cause?

Answer 21

Generalized disease throughout the viscera and cause significant mortality

Question 22

What do generalized poxvirus infections have a stage of?

Answer 22

Cell-associated viremia, which leads to localization in the skin and to a lesser extent in normal internal organs

Question 23

What is the immunity induced by poxviruses like?

Answer 23

Long immunity

Question 24

What is the immunity induced by parapoxviruses like?

Answer 24

Short, so reinfection is common

Question 25

How is poxvirus diagnosed?

Answer 25

1. Electron microscopic examination 2. Inoculation of chorioallantoic membrane of chicken embryonated egg 3. Cell culture 4. ELISA 5. Histology- intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies

Question 26

Which diagnostic methods cannot be used for parapoxviruses and molluscum contagiosum virus?

Answer 26

Inoculation of chorioallantoic membrane | Cell cultures

Question 27

What are the methods of transmission of poxviruses?

Answer 27

Direct contact from skin lesions Contaminated environment (Orf) Droplet infection of the respiratory tract (Sheeppox) Mechanical transmission by insects (Swinepox, Fowlpox, and myxomatosis)

Question 28

What are the viruses in the Orthopoxvirus genus?

Answer 28

Vaccinia virus Cowpox virus Monkeypox virus Raccoon poxvirus

Question 29

What animals are found naturally infected with vaccinia virus?

Answer 29

``` Man Cow Buffalo Pig Rabbit ```

Question 30

What animals are found naturally infected with cowpox virus?

Answer 30

``` Cow Man Rats Cats Large felines ```

Question 31

What animals are naturally infected with monkeypox virus?

Answer 31

``` Squirrels Prairie dog Monkey Great apes Man ```

Question 32

What animal is naturaaly infected with raccoon poxvirus?

Answer 32

Raccoon

Question 33

What is the zoonosis of the Parapoxvirus genus?

Answer 33

They are zoonotic

Question 34

What are the viruses of the Parapoxvirus genus?

Answer 34

Pseudocowpox virus Bovine papular stomatitis virus Orf virus

Question 35

What animals are found naturally infected with pseudocowpox virus?

Answer 35

Cattle | Man

Question 36

What animals are found naturally infected with bovine papular stomatitis virus?

Answer 36

Cattle | Man

Question 37

What animals are naturally infected with Orf virus?

Answer 37

Sheep Goat Man

Question 38

What are the clinical signs of pseudocowpox?

Answer 38

A small papule on the teat Develops into a small, ark red scab and then scabbed Ring or horseshoe scab Similar can develop on the muzzle

Question 39

What are the methods of transmission of pseudocowpox virus?

Answer 39

Cross-suckling calves Contaminated milking machines Mechanical transmission by flies

Question 40

What does Orf affect?

Answer 40

Muzzle, lips, eyelids, feet, and teats of ewes

Question 41

What are sheep susceptible to with orf?

Answer 41

Reinfection and chronic infection can occur

Question 42

Can ewe be vaccinated for orf?

Answer 42

Yes, with live-virus vaccines before lambing

Question 43

What is the immunity assocated with orf vaccines?

Answer 43

Short-lived

Question 44

What are the viruses in the capripoxvirus genus?

Answer 44

Sheeppox virus Goatpox virus Lumpskin disease virus

Question 45

What animals are naturally infected with sheeppox virus?

Answer 45

Sheep | Goat

Question 46

What animals are naturally infected with goatpox virus?

Answer 46

Goat | Sheep

Question 47

What animals are naturally infected with Lumpyskin disease virus?

Answer 47

Cattle | Buffalo

Question 48

What is fowlpox characterized by?

Answer 48

Small papules on the comb, wattles, around the beak, feet

Question 49

How can poultry be protected from fowlpox?

Answer 49

By vaccination with pigeonpox

Question 50

Is chicken pox a pox virus?

Answer 50

It's a herpes