Exam 2: Coronaviridae Flashcards by Anika Eidson

What are the properties of coronaviruses?

Linear plus sense ssRNA genome
75-160 nm
Envelop with large widely spaced, club-shaped peplomers

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Where do coronaviruses replicate?

Cytoplasm

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What are coronavirus virions released by?

Exocytosis

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What are the 4 structural proteins that make up coronaviruses?

Peplomer glycoprotein S
Transmembrane glycoprotein M
Nucleocapsid phosphoprotein N
Hemagglutintin plus acetylesterase activities, HE

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What are the viruses in coronavirus antigenic group I (mammalian)?

Human coronavirus 229E
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine
Feline infectious peritonitis virus
Canine coronavirus

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What disease is associated with human coronavirus 229E?

Common cold

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What disease is associated with transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine?

Gastroenteritis

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What disease is associated with feline infectious peritonitis virus?

Peritonitis
Pneumonia
Meningoencephalitis
Panophthalmitis
Wasting

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What disease is associated with canine coronavirus?

Enteritis

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What are the viruses in antigenic group II (mammalian)?

Human coronavirus OC43
Mouse hepatitis virus
Bovine coronavirus
Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus

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What disease is associated with human coronavirus OC43?

Common cold

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What disease is associated with mouse hepatitis virus?

Hepatitis
Encephalomyelitis
Enteritis

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What disease is associated with bovine coronavirus?

Gastroenteritis

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What disease is associated with porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus?

Vomiting
Wasting
Encephalomyelitis

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What are the viruses in antigenic group III (avian)?

Infectious bronchitis virus of chickens

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What are the diseases associated with infectious bronchitis virus of chickens?

Tracheobronchitis

Nephritis

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What are the viruses in antigenic group IV (avian)?

Bluecomb disease virus of turkeys

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What disease is associated with bluecomb disease virus of turkeys?

Enteritis

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When does transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) of swine occur?

Winter months

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What is transmissible gastroenterits (TGE) of swine characterized by?

Vomiting and profuse diarrhea

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What does TGE cause in piglets?

High mortality

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What is the efficacy of vaccines for TGE like?

Limited

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When does TGE occur?

Farrowing time

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What is the incubation time for TGE?

1-3 days

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What are the sign of TGE in infected piglets?

Show vomiting, watery diarrhea, and rapid loss of weight

How quickly do pigs less than 7 days of age with TGE die?

Generally within 2 to 7 days

What happens to piglets infected with TGE that are more than 3 weeks of age?

They usually live, but weak

What are the signs of TGE in growing, finishing, and adult swine?

Inappetence, diarrhea, or unnoticed

What happens to sows infected with TGE late in pregnancy?

They may develop fever, but rarely abort

How can you diagnose TGE?

Sudden death in piglets, accompanies by vomiting and diarrhea Immunofluorescence Virus isolation Rising antibody titers in paired sera from sows with affected litters or from pigs that have recovered from the disease Electron microscopy- negative stain

When should you vaccinate sows for TGE?

Vaccinate with an attenuated vaccine 3 weeks before farrowing in order to provide piglets with high levels of protective Ab in the colostrum

What ages does feline infectious peritonitis (FIPV) affect?

Cats of all ages

How many cats have antibodies against FIPV?

Over 90%

What does FIPV occur in association with?

Retroviruses (parvovirus)

What may be a variant of FIPV?

Feline coronavirus that causes diarrhea

What are the clinical signs of FIP?

``` Depressed and may have a fever Classic wet form abdominal distention Peritonitis Pleuritis results in dyspnea Neurologic and ocular disease ```

What are the methods of diagnosis for FIP?

Virus isolation Detection of antibody Hypergammaglobulinemia

How is FIP spread?

By aerosol

Which cats develop a more rapidly progressive form of FIP, seropositive or seronegative?

Seropositive

What does canine coronavirus cause?

A mild gasstroenteritis

What does canine coronovirus occur in association with?

Canine parvovirus infection

What does canine coronavirus commonly infect?

Pups

What is canine coronavirus serologically closely related to?

TGE, but canine coronavirus does not infect pigs

What are the methods of diagnosing canine coronavirus?

Virus isolation | EM

What kind of vaccine is available for canine coronavirus?

Inactivated vaccine

What did mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) serve as a model system for?

Coronavirus infection

What does MHV cause?

Hepatitis Encephalomyelitis Enteritis Nephritis

What are the type and severity of MHV dependent on?

The strain of the virus and the age and strain of the mouse

What happens to neonatal mice if there are brought into an environment infected with MHV?

They suffer high mortality

What is porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) in?

Primarily in piglets under 2 weeks of age

What are the signs of PHEV?

``` Anorexia Hyperesthesia Muscle tremors Paddling of the legs Vomiting Often leading to emaciation and death ```

Where is infection with PHEV?

The upper respiratory tract and pharynx and spread to the brain via peripheral nerves

How is PHEV clinically diagnosed?

Virus isolation in primary cultures of porcine cells and detecting the virus by HA

What does bovine coronavirus primarily affect?

The villi of the small intestine | It also affects glucose and lactose metabolism

Which has a more severe villous atrophy, rotavirus or bovine coronavirus?

Bovine coronavirus

What does bovine coronavirus destroy?

The absorptive cells in the intestine

What is infectious bronchitis virus caused by?

Coronavirus

What are the clinical manifestations infectious bronchitis virus?

Respiratory associated: - Wet eyes - Gasping - Coughing and sneezing - Tracheal rales - Nasal discharge Nonrespiratory associated: - Decreased egg production - Misshapen eggs - Nephritis/nephrosis

What is the importance of infectious bronchitis virus to the poultry industry?

``` Increased mortality Decreased production Increased condemnation at processing Increased downgrading of carcasses Slowing of the line speed during the inspection process ```

What is the method of prevention for infectious bronchitis virus?

Biosecurity

What does bluecomb disease affect?

Turkeys of all ages, but is most severe in 1 to 6 week old poults

What is bluecomb disease characterized by?

``` Loss of appetite Chirping Diarrhea Loss of weight Skin of the head and neck may become cyanosed Enteritis ```

What causes porcine epidemic?

Porcine coronavirus

What does porcine epidemic cause?

Acute diarrhea in swine of all ages

What is the mortality rate in piglets with porcine epidemic?

50% or higher

What is the specificity of coronavirus?

Host-specific