Exam 1: Intro to Virology Flashcards
Describe the important dates in virology history
1796, May 14: Edward Jenner uses cowpox from the milkmaid Sarrah Nemes to vaccinate 8 year old James Phipps against small pox
1970: David Baltimore and Howard Temin discover reverse transcriptase and retroviruses
1980: Small pox eradicated
1983: HIV defined as the cause of AIDS
What is arbovirus?
Older term for arthropod-borne viruses, however many viruses transmitted by insects are not considered arboviruses
What is bacteriophage?
A virus parasitizing bacteria
There are 10 phages per bacteria
Most numerous biological entity today
What is capsid?
Protein coat of a virus
What is capsomere?
Individual structure proteins that collectively make up the capsid
What is defective interfering particle?
A virus particle having a capsid, but an incomplete nucleic acid content, or an empty particle, which interferes with replication of complete particles
What is an envelope?
The phospholipid covering derived from host cell membranes, either nuclear or cytoplasmic, present on some viruses
What is icosahedron?
Polyhedral shape composed of 12 vertices and 20 triangular faces
Icosahedron nucleocapsids are of cubic symmetry
What is an orphan virus?
A virus isolated in the absence of disease
What is peplomere?
Glycoprotein subunit projecting from envelope referred to as “spikes” that function in attachment to host cells
What are prions?
Unconventional agents of disease resulting in spongiform encephalopathies by proteins that cause protein folding anomalies
What is translation?
Process by which base sequences in mRNA produce specific amino acid sequences in a protein
What is transcription?
Process of forming mRNA from nucleic acid, not necessarily DNA
What is a virion?
An individual viral particle
What are viroids?
A class of infectious agents, occurring in plant that are smaller than viruses and consist of short strands of RNA without a capsid
What is a virus?
A complex molecular particle, capable of infecting cells and causing disease by redirecting host cellular synthetic machinery towards the synthesis of new infectious particles
It is composed of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA, but not both), proteins, and sometimes lipids and carbs in the form glycoproteins
What are the 2 ways that viruses are responsible for evolution?
Move genes around
Certain immune systems survive and reproduce
What is the replication site of DNA virus Pox? Enzyme?
Cytoplasm
DNA dependent, RNA polymerase- DNA dependent, DNA polymerase coded for by virus
What is the replication site of DNA virus herpes? Enzyme?
Nucleus
DNA dependent, RNA polymerase- DNA dependent, DNA polymerase coded for by host cell
What is the replication site of DNA virus adeno? Enzyme?
Nucleus
DNA dependent, RNA polymerase- DNA dependent, DNA polymerase coded for by host cell
What is the replication site of DNA virus papova? Enzyme?
Nucleus
DNA dependent, RNA polymerase- DNA dependent, DNA polymerase coded for by host cell
What is the replication site of DNA virus parvo? Enzyme?
Nucleus
DNA dependent, RNA polymerase- DNA dependent, DNA polymerase coded for by host cell
What is the replication site of DNA virus asfar? Enzyme?
Nucleus
DNA dependent, RNA polymerase- DNA dependent, DNA polymerase coded for by virus
What is the replication site of DNA virus irido? Enzyme?
Nucleus
DNA dependent, RNA polymerase- DNA dependent, DNA polymerase coded for by virus
