Exam 2 Part 6 Flashcards

1
Q

In addition to DNA rep, cell division involves…

A

organelle division which sort themselves into daughter cells

membranes from nucleus, ER, and Golgi break down and then reform

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2
Q

Transport proper proteins to newly formed organelles

A

use an existing protein to move

-signalling

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3
Q

transport mechanisms

A
  • transport through nuclear pores
  • transport across membranes
  • transport by vesicle
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4
Q

how does a protein know where to go?

A

signal sequences - particular characteristic of the amino acids helps

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5
Q

transport necessities

A
  • need to mark/ID the protein

- mark its destination

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6
Q

How do we know where a specific signal sequence goes?

A

need to see things, so add florcesent mark to both the sequence and the predicted organelle

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7
Q

what goes into the nuclear envelope?

A

histones, DNA pol, helicase, topoisomerase, transcription machinery (regulatory), cytoskeleton

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8
Q

what goes out of the nuclear pore?

A

mRNA, ribozymes, ribosomes (assembled in nucleus)

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9
Q

histones

A

needed during replication, can diffuse through the smaller nuclear pores

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10
Q

nuclear lamina

A

filaments, hold and support the nuclear envelope

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11
Q

nuclear envelope

A

continuous with the ER membrane, has pores

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12
Q

nuclear pores

A

big cages, docking system
how big molecules get into the nucleus
small enough for selectivity, big enough for some passivity

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13
Q

Ran-GDP

A

binds to nuclear protein and receptor to allow the protein into the nucleus.
GTP will replace GDP in the nucleus

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14
Q

Ran-GTP

A

GTP replaces GDP on Ran-GDP, which kicks off the cargo protein (STAYS WITH RECEPTOR)
Passes back out of the nuclear membrane with the receptor
hydrolyzes its bound GTP and GDP disassociates from receptor

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15
Q

G-proteins

A

bind to guanine nucleotides (GDP, GTP)
hydrolyze GDP to GTP
act like “switches” by ossilating bt 2 guanine binding

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16
Q

transport into nuclear envelope

A

Ran-GDP binds to protein, with binds to receptor. Complex changes shape and enables it to enter membrane
Ran-GTP replaces Ran-GDP and kicks off protein
Ran-GTP and receptor travel back across membrane
Ran hydrolyzes its GTP and Ran-GDP dissociates from receptor

17
Q

transport into organelles

A

either can go into the lumen because that’s where it’s job is or into the membrane for transport elsewhere (control when and where)

18
Q

import into ER

A

ribosomes are brought near the ER membrane so that the protein can be threaded through while synthesis occurs

19
Q

SRP

A

signal recognition particle

binds to proteins that will take it to the membrane

20
Q

hydrophobic start-transfer sequence

A

hydrophobic so that it will embed into the membrane

21
Q

signal peptidase

A

cuts off the start-transfer sequence if it is at the N-terminus

22
Q

stop-transfer sequence

A

enters channel and stops the transfer of the protein into the membrane – for transmembrane proteins

23
Q

chaperone proteins

A

regulate the proper folding of proteins in the ER

24
Q

mitochondrial transport

A

protein created, folded in cytosol, then taken to mitochondira, unfolded as it binds to receptor, transported across both membranes, and then folded again

25
vesicular transport
for proper transport, only proteins meant to be transported will bind to cargo that will package it package needs destination markers
26
clatharin
serves as the vesicle coat | honeycomb structure
27
dynamin
pinches off the vesicle
28
adaptin
linkes the receptor to the coat | cue for when to make the vesicle
29
cargo receptor
binds target molecule
30
v-SNARE
vesicle snare, will bind to the t-SNARE to assist in docking
31
t-SNARE
transport snare, will bind to v-SNARE to assist in docking
32
Rab
G-protein | protein director, brings cargo to the right destination
33
tethering protein
on membrane - binds to Rab to bring vesicle to right place
34
trans Golgi
faces membrane - things leaving cell go out this side
35
cis Golgi
faces cell contents - things going to other parts of cell go out this side
36
fates of endocytosis
- recycling - degradation - transcytosis