Exam 1 Part 4

Question 1

metabolism

Answer 1

the chemical processes by which the cell drives its function

Question 2

catabolism

Answer 2

breaking down to make raw materials and energy

Question 3

anabolism

Answer 3

building up macromolecules with energy

Question 4

delta G

Answer 4

Tells us only what can be done (spontaneous or not) not if and how fast!

Question 5

Cellular problems of reactions

Answer 5

reaction can occur, but won’t without some sort of kick start

• reaction can and does occur, but not fast enough
• reaction can occur, but substrates no in the correct place and time

Question 6

enzyme

Answer 6

biological catalyst

Question 7

induced fit

Answer 7

enzyme and substrate melds to each other and form a different shape
could bend shape/twisting of protein to an unfavorable conformer so reaction can occure

Question 8

active site

Answer 8

a pocket or groove formed by amino acids where the substrates bind

Question 9

bidirectional enzmes

Answer 9

work in both reaction directions

tweaked by concentrations of substrates

Question 10

types of enzymes

Answer 10

oxidoreductase
trasferases
hydrolases
isomerases
synthases
lyases

Question 11

Oxidoreductase

Answer 11

redox reactions OIL RIG

charge transfer, oxidation, H movement, double bonds

Question 12

Transferases

Answer 12

transfer of functional groups from one moleculre to another (kinases)

Question 13

Hydrolases

Answer 13

lydrolytic cleavage of a molecule (nucleases, proteases, phosphatases, etc)

Question 14

isomerases

Answer 14

movement of a functional group within a molecule (rearrangement)

Question 15

Synthases

Answer 15

joining 2 molecules together (polymerases, ligases -often are condensation reactions)

Question 16

Lyases

Answer 16

joining of 2 molecules or breaking 1 into 2 with an electron rearrangement (break or form double bonds)

Question 17

conditions affect enzymes

Answer 17

temperature
pH (change in charges)