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Biology 234 > Exam 2 Part 3 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

metabolism

A

stepwise energy generation
-lot of repurposing and reusing
enzymes control every step

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2
Q

energy production

A

complete oxidation with wastes CO2, H2O and e- carriers

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3
Q

energy sensing

A

cell looks at energy level
(measures ATP:AMP)
How much ATP do we have?

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4
Q

substrate-level phosphorylation

A

direct transfer of phosphate group to ADP

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5
Q

glycolysis

A

occurs in cytosol
2ATP + 1 glucose -> 2 pyruvate + NADH + 4 ATP
glucose not completely oxidized

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6
Q

glycolysis regulation

A

by allosteric regulation

-phosphorylate enyme with ATP

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7
Q

destablization of glucose

A

during glycolysis

phosphorylation of glucose (traps it in cell)

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8
Q

fermentation

A

regeneration of NAD+
does not completely oxidize pyruvate
yields either lactate or ethanol

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9
Q

lactate

A

produced by fermentation
MUST get rid of it - or eventual death
cannot ferment with this product indefinitely

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10
Q

mitochondria

A 
site of CAC and electron transport chain
product of endosymbiosis
-divide by fission (on own)
-DNA homologous to Rickettsia
-double membrane
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11
Q

mitochondria locations and shape

A

located in lots of muscles, flagella, overlap with each other in cells
-placed well to provide energy

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12
Q

matrix

A

innermost part of mitochondria

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13
Q

inner membrane

A

in mitochondria - invaginate(cristae) in folds for more surface area
super selective - tight control

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14
Q

cristae

A

invaginations of inner membrane

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15
Q

outer membrane

A

outer part of mitochondria

very porous - not very selective - almost freely diffusive

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16
Q

inter membrane space

A

space between the two mitochondrial membranes

17
Q

acetyl CoA

A

needed to begin CAC

made from pyruvate

18
Q

citric acid cycle

A

in the mitochondria matrix
complete oxidation of glucose
6 C molecule -> 4C molecule + 2CO2 (fully oxidized C) +NADH+FADH2+GTP
O2 NOT involved

19
Q

CAC products per 1 pyruvate

A

3 CO2
4 NADH => 3 NADH +1 (pyruvate -> acetyl CoA)
1 FADH2
1 GTP

20
Q

CAC regulation

A

pyruvate to acetyl CoA - cycle can’t run without acetyl CoA

21
Q

CAC and glucose

A

cycle runs twice for each molecule of glucose because glycolysis produces 2 molecules of pyruvate

22
Q

CAC and GTP

A

production of GTP during CAC is substrate level phosphorylation

23
Q

CAC molecules produced during cycle

A

molecules produced during can be used for other processes - feeds energy into metabolism

24
Q

phosphorylated glucose

A

glycogen -stored for later use

25
Q

storage in adipose cells

A

2 fatty acid chains with 1 glucose backbone

more fully reduced and have more energy

26
Q

B-oxidation cycles needed to chop up fatty acids

A

C/2 -1

27
Q

B-oxidation

A

feeding storage fats into energy generation

28
Q

B-oxidation product generation

A

loss of 2 ATP and yield of 1 NADH and 1 FADH2 per cycle

minus 1 FADH2 total with each double bond

29
Q

NADH from glycolysis proton pumping

A

6 b/c uses energy to travel into mitochondria

30
Q

NADH from CAC and B-ox proton pumping

A

10 protons

31
Q

FADH2 from CAC and B-ox proton pumping

A

6 protons

32
Q

oxidative phosphorylation

A

uses electrons to generate a gradient to phosphorylate ATP

33
Q

ATP synthase

A

enzyme on inner membrane that uses proton gradient to phosphorylate ATP (ox phos)

34
Q

FADH2 electron transport complexes

A

II->III-> IV

35
Q

NADH electron transport complexes

A

I ->III-> IV

36
Q

cytochrome

A

e- carrier between III and IV complex - is the most highly conserved protein

37
Q

proton motive force

A

concentration gradient and electropotential carries protons through - REALLY FAVORABLE

38
Q

ATP synthase conformation

A

bump on rotator changes the conformation of stator which turns ADP to ATP

39
Q

proton gradient in mitochondria

A

needed to help move ATP out of mitochondria

4 protons to make and deliver ATP

Biology 234 (23 decks)

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