Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DEN 7102 Micro & Immuno Concepts > Exam 2 COVID19 > Flashcards

Exam 2 COVID19 Flashcards

1
Q

Viruses are considered:

A

Non-living - no intrinsic metabolism so reliant upon host cell. No independent replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Naked viruses have:

A
  1. capsid
  2. nucleocapsid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Capsid

A

Protein coat that surrounds viral genome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Nucleocapsid

A

Capsin and viral genome together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Enveloped viruses

A

Host membrane derived, includes viral proteins in membrane lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Envelope is ____ to the nucleocapsid

A

External

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of DNA does coronavirus have?

A

ssRNA positive strand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

True or false: Coronavirus is an enveloped virus

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Method of spread for coronavirus

A

Respiratory (liquid droplets in the air)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How far can coronavirus spread if coughing or sneezing?

A

18 feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

COVID-19 has a ____ greater mortality rate compared to seasonal influenza

A

40x

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the most common symptom of COVID19?

A

Fever (83-99%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are some risk factors for hospitalization?

A
  1. Age >= 80 is the greatest risk
  2. Pre-existing conditions (cancer, diabetes, asthma, heart, obesity, liver/kidney disease)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Methods of COVID19 prevention

A
  1. Social distancing
  2. PPE
  3. Vaccination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

COVID19 binds to what receptor to get into cells?

A

Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Most abundant expression of ACE2 is on:

A

Type II alveolar cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where are ACE2 receptors expressed?

A

All cells in the body - specifically heart, liver, GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

_____ cleaves viral S protein to facilitate fusion

A

TMPRSS2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ACE2 coreceptor

A

TMPRSS2

20
Q

COVID19 viral replication uses what kind of polymerase?

A

Viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
(Not found in humans - needs to be DNA dependent)

21
Q

Severe COVID19 is associated with ____ due to ____

A

Systemic hyperinflammation due to cytokine storm/cytokine release syndrome (CRS)

22
Q

Severe COVID is associated with elevated levels of what cytokine?

A

IL-6 (mainly)
Also IL-2

23
Q

Describe COVID19 pathology in the lungs

A

Pulmonary edema (increased vascular permeability)
Alveolar interstitial thickening reduces O2 diffusion
Massive leukocyte infiltration

24
Q

Radiologic findings in COVID19

A

Bilateral, multi-lobar, ground glass opacity

25
Q

Clinical findings in COVID19

A

Plasmacytosis in bronchoalveolar lavage

26
Q

Pediatric vs adult - who is more susceptible?

A

Adults

27
Q

Why are children less susceptible to getting COVID19?

A

ACE2 expression is hormone dependent, so kids who have not gone through puberty don’t have as much ACE2 expression leading to less entryway for COVID19

28
Q

TMPRSS2 mRNA is upregulated by:

A

Androgen

29
Q

Men express more _____ than women

A

TMPRSS2 (due to higher androgen levels)

30
Q

Mortality from COVID19 is higher in men or women?

A

Men

31
Q

Which drug directly inhibits SARS-CoV-2, specifically the enzyme RNA-dependent RNA polymerase?

A

Remdesivir/Ritonavir

32
Q

Convalescent plasma treatment includes:

A

Survivor antibodies against COVID19 (IgM, IgG)

33
Q

Remdesivir was originally developed for:

A

Hepatitis C

34
Q

Remdisivir structure has a ____ analog

A

nucleoside triphosphate

35
Q

Dexamethasone effects

A

Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant - may reduce cytokine storm in COVID 19 severe cases

36
Q

Dexamethasone is usually used to treat:

A

Autoimmune disease and ease cancer treatment effects

37
Q

Tocilizumab

A

Immunosuppressive drug for monoclonal antibodies

38
Q

What does Tocilizumab act on?

A

Blocks IL-6 receptor; anti-inflammatory

39
Q

CQ and HCQ are also known as:

A

Zinc ionophores

40
Q

Zinc inhibits:

A

Viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

41
Q

Which drug does not work against COVID19?

A

HCQ (used to treat malaria)

42
Q

COVID-19 R0

A

6

43
Q

Omicron variants R0

A

9.5

44
Q

Why don’t we use tamiflu for COVID19?

A

Works as a neuraminidase inhibitor, and COVID19 doesn’t have that

45
Q

COVID 19 mRNA vaccines stimulate:

A

CMI CD8 response via MHC 1

46
Q

Vaccine can be up to ___ effective

A

95% (Pfizer)

47
Q

Does mouthwash eliminate COVID?

A

Yes - following 15 seconds of exposure, reduction in viral load of >99.99%

DEN 7102 Micro & Immuno Concepts (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions