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DEN 7102 Micro & Immuno Concepts > Exam 2 10/30 Vaccines and Immunizations > Flashcards

Exam 2 10/30 Vaccines and Immunizations Flashcards

1
Q

Active (long-term) immunity

REQUIRES stimulation of _________________________

A

host immune response

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2
Q

Homing and trafficking

Naïve cell marker:

A

CD45RA

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3
Q

Activated or memory lymphocytes use _____________ to adhere to luminal surface of high endothelial venule (HEV) that have ___________________ which is present only in mucosal epithelia

A

a4b7 integrin

MAdCAM-1

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4
Q

MadCAM-1 is found on

A

high endothelial venule (HEV) in mucosal epithelia

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5
Q

Homing and trafficking

Memory marker:

A

CD45RO

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6
Q

If a lymphocyte with α4β7 integrin leaves the area it is in it will usually come back to some

A

mucosal associated lymph tissue because it will recognize and bind to MadCAM1

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7
Q

Vaccines against bacteria

A

Diphtheria; toxin from Corynebacterium diphtheria

Tetanus; toxin from Clostridium tetani

Pertussis (whooping cough): Bordetella pertussis

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8
Q

Vaccine against viruses

A

Influenza A, B (flu)

Measles, Mumps and Rubella (MMR)

Hepatitis B, Hepatitis A

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

Varicella zoster

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9
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheria (diphtheria) and Bordetella pertussis (whooping cough) are both _____________ (transmission)

A

airborne

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10
Q

TDaP or DTaP (combination) trivalent vaccine for _______, with booster every ____years

A

adults, 10

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11
Q

TDaP vaccine is live or inactivated?

A

inactivated

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12
Q

Influenza transmission

A

Airborne

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13
Q

How often should you get an influenza vaccine?

A

annually

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14
Q

Influenza vaccine is administered

A

Intra-muscularly
Intra-nasally for kids
40-89% effective

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15
Q

Influenza virus risks

RR=____-fold or _____% exposure if HCW; RR = ____-fold or ____% increased influenza risk if unvaccinated

A

4.0

400

5.2

520

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16
Q

Hepatitis B virus transmission

A

-blood and other bodily fluids

  • parentally (sharp objects such as needles, syringes)
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17
Q

Hepatitis B surface antigen HBsAg is a live/inactivated, subunit vaccine

A

Inactivated

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18
Q

MMR transmission

A

All airborne

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19
Q

Measles, Mumps and Rubella all have complications that include ____________________________________________

Measles can also cause ________________

Mumps and Rubella can also cause ____________

A

infertility, death

pneumonia and blindness

deafness

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20
Q

MMR is a trivalent ____ vaccine for children and _____ vaccination with evidence of immunity

A

Combination; adults

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21
Q

MMR vaccine is live or inactivated?

Activates ____

A

Live attenuated
CMI and humoral immunity

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22
Q

Varicella transmission

A

Airborne

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23
Q

Varicella vaccine is live or inactivated?

A

Live attenuated

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24
Q

The vaccine for all for diseases Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Varicella in one shot has been around for 20 years. T/F

A

False there is a new MMRV vaccine

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25
Q

HPV transmission

A

sexually/nonsexually
common oral infection

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26
Q

HPV type of vaccine?

A

combination subunit inactivated

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27
Q

High risk genital lesion HPV strains

A

6, 11

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28
Q

High risk oral/cervical cancer HPV strains

A

16, 18

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29
Q

High risk HPV strains (4)

A

6, 11, 16, 18

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30
Q

Measles can cause what complications?

A

Pneumonia
Blindness
Brain damage

31
Q

Mumps can cause what complications?

A

Permanent deafness
Infertility
Death

32
Q

Rubella can cause what complications?

A

Deafness
Infertility
Death

33
Q

Many people are often unaware of _____ infection because it can be asymptomatic

A

Hep B
30-67%

34
Q

Transfer of IgG from mother to fetus

A

Natural passive immunity

35
Q

Placental transfer of IgG is selective due to presence of

A

Fc gamma (receptor)

36
Q

Which antibodies are not transferred to placenta via natural passive immunity

A

IgM, IgA, IgE

37
Q

Breast milk passing lactoferrin and lysozyme to the baby is an example of:

A

Natural passive immunity

38
Q

Maternal IgA or IgM passed to baby via breast milk is an example of:

A

natural passive immunity

Adaptive/specific passive immunity

39
Q

True or false: babies don’t get sick until after they stop breastfeeding

40
Q

Giving Hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) is an example of

A

Artificial passive immunization

41
Q

Artificial passive immunity advantage

A

Immediate action

42
Q

Artificial passive immunity disadvantages

A
  • temporary
  • anaphylaxis, serum sickness
  • no CMI or humoral antibody responses
43
Q

S. pneumoniae and H. influenza B both have a ____

44
Q

_____ require conjugates and often boosters because they are poor immunogens

A

Capsular polysaccharides
(S. pneumoniae, Hib)

45
Q

Inactivated bacterial exotoxins are _____ and can be used as _____

A

Immunogenic and antigenic; vaccine conjugates (increase immunogenicity)

46
Q

DT and tetanus toxin are both examples of

A

Inactivated toxoid vaccines

47
Q

Toxoid vaccines use the ___ as the antigen for the vaccinr

48
Q

Hep B vaccine is a ____ vaccine. ___ is harvested and produced through the use of yeast

A

recombinant subunit vaccine; Hep B surface antigen

49
Q

____ of neonatal Hep B infections become chronic

50
Q

HPV associated with what cancers?

A

Oral and cervical

51
Q

Gardasil 9vH{V includes vaccines against what HPV strains

A

6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58

52
Q

It takes ____ years to develop a tumor from HPV

A

10-30 years

53
Q

HPV vaccine is

A

combination subunit/inactivated vaccine

54
Q

HPV vaccine has resulted in ___ reduction in cervical cancer. What is the most important factor in this decrease?

A

90%; age of vaccination (stronger in those younger than 17)

55
Q

One dose of HPV vaccine causes reduction of oral HPV infections by ___

56
Q

3 doses of HPV vaccine causes reduction of oral HPV infections by ___

57
Q

Only ___ of dentists felt comfortable discussing HPV vaccination

58
Q

Advantages of Inactivated subunit vaccines

A
  • no active disease
  • no reversion to WT
59
Q

Disadvantages of inactivated subunit vaccines

A
  • requires multiple doses (boosters)
  • strong humoral response but no CMI response
60
Q

BCG vaccine is for

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

61
Q

What vaccine may provide limited protection for children against COVID19?

A

BCG vaccine

62
Q

Advantages of live attenuation vaccines

A

CMI and Humoral response

63
Q

Disadvantage of live attenuation vaccine

A

Reversion to wild type

64
Q

Maximum age for HPV vaccine

A

45 years old

65
Q

If there is more attenuation:

A
  • lower immunogenicity
  • lower risk of reversion
66
Q

If there is less attenuation:

A
  • more immunogenicity
  • higher risk of reversion to WT
67
Q

What type of vaccine is currently recommended

A

Inactivated (killed virus)

68
Q

Live vaccine of polio - which antibody is made more

69
Q

Live attenuated virus has contraindications in

A

immune deficient patients (HIV), pregnancy

70
Q

Hybrid vaccines

killed is given ____ and live/attenuated is given ____

A

Intramuscularly; intranasally

71
Q

True or false: live vaccines can be given to immunodeficient patients

A

False - NEVER!!

72
Q

40-90% of oral cancers may harbor high risk HPV strains ____

73
Q

HPV clearance does not guarantee immunity - why not?

A

Multiple strains exist - just because you are exposed does not mean you are protected for all strains

DEN 7102 Micro & Immuno Concepts (26 decks)

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