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MLS 442 > Exam 2 - Clinically Significant Aerobic GPC > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Clinically Significant Aerobic GPC Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 4 species of clinically significant aerobic GPC

A
  1. Micrococcus species
  2. Staphylococcus species
  3. Streptococcus species
  4. Enterococcus species
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2
Q

Micrococcus:

What are its preferred conditions for thriving?

A
  • Obligate aerobes
  • Grow in ambient air
  • About 35°-37° C
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3
Q

Micrococcus:

What does it look like, microscopically?

A

It shows any of the following:

  • Pairs
  • Tetrads
  • Clusters
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4
Q

Micrococcus:

What is its colonial morphology?

A 
- Usually one of these pigments:
     # Bright yellow
     # Orange
     # Pink
     # Tan
     # White
- Nonhemolytic
- Often has domed top (convex)
- Can resemble Staphylococcus species
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5
Q

Micrococcus:

What are its key reactions?

A
  • Catalase (+)
  • Modified oxidase (+)
  • Bacitracin (S)
  • Furazolidone (R)
  • Lysostaphin (R)
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6
Q

Micrococcus:

Where is it found?

A
  • NF of mucus membranes
  • NF of oropharynx
  • Also found in environment
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7
Q

Micrococcus:

Where is it NOT found, and why is that important?

A
  • Not often found in clinical specimens

- Important for occasional opportunist or to differentiate from Staphylococcus species

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8
Q

Micrococcus:

What happens when it is found clinically?

A
  • May be immunocompromised patient
  • Can cause:
    # Pneumonia
    # Meningitis
    # Endocarditis
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9
Q

Micrococcus:

What is it often seen as?

A

Seen as HAI with IV’s, CSF shunts

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10
Q

Staphylococcus:

What are its preferred conditions for thriving?

A
  • Most species are facultative anaerobes
  • Grow in ambient air
  • About 35°-37° C
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11
Q

Staphylococcus:

What does it look like on a Gram stain?

A

Spherical cells arranged in irregular clusters

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12
Q

Staphylococcus:

What is it a common inhabitant of?

A
  • Skin

- Mucous membranes

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13
Q

Staphylococcus:

What are some general characteristics of the cell?

A
  • Lack spores and flagella

- May have capsules

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14
Q

Staphylococcus aureus:

What is its colonial morphology?

A 
- Colonies usually:
     # Large
     # Rounded or flat-top
     # Opaque
- Beta-hemolytic (clears RBC’s)
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15
Q

Staphylococcus aureus:

What kinds of extremes can it withstand?

A

Withstands:

  • High salt
  • Extremes in pH
  • High temperatures
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16
Q

Staphylococcus aureus:

What media does it grow on?

A
  • PEA
  • CNA
  • MSA (7.5% NaCl content)
17
Q

Staphylococcus aureus:

What is its reaction on MSA?

A
  • Yellow

- Mannitol fermenter

18
Q

Staphylococcus aureus:

What are its key reactions?

A
  • Coagulase (+)
  • Catalase (+)
  • Thermonuclease (+)
  • DNase (+)
19
Q

Staphylococcus aureus:

What is on its antibiogram?

A
  • Ampicillin (R)

- Penicillin (R)

20
Q

Staphylococcus aureus:

What are the enzymes produced as defense by the bacterium?

A
  1. Coagulase
  2. Hyaluronidase
  3. Staphylokinase
  4. DNase
  5. Lipase
  6. Penicillinase
21
Q

What is this enzyme?

  • Coagulates plasma and blood
  • Produced by 97% of human isolates
A

Coagulase

22
Q

What is this enzyme?

  • Catalyzes the breakdown of hyaluronic acid
  • Increases tissue permeability to fluids
A

Hyaluronidase

23
Q

What is this enzyme?

  • Induces fibrinolysis by converting plasminogen to plasmin
A

Staphylokinase

24
Q

What is this enzyme?

  • Catalyzes breakdown of DNA
  • Aids with spread of bacteria through tissues
A

DNase

25
Q

What is this enzyme?

  • Catalyzes breakdown of lipids
  • Aids with spread of bacteria through tissues
A

Lipase

26
Q

What is this enzyme?

  • Hydrolyzes and inactivates penicillin
A

Penicillinase

27
Q

What is associated with toxigenic diseases?

A

Production of extracellular toxin

28
Q

Staphylococcus aureus:

What are 3 toxigenic diseases related to it?

A
  1. Food poisoning
  2. TSS (Toxic Shock Syndrome)
  3. SSS (Scalded Skin Syndrome)
29
Q

Staphylococcus aureus:

General info concerning Toxic Shock Syndrome

A
  • Toxic Shock Syndrome
  • 1st linked to use of ultra-absorbent tampons that bound Mg+ ions and created a favorable environment for increased colonization and growth of vaginal S. aureus and increased TSS toxin production
  • Toxin enters bloodstream and causes:
    # Fever
    # Vomiting
    # Organ damage
    # Potential fatality
30
Q

Staphylococcus aureus:

General info concerning Scalded Skin Syndrome

A
  • Caused by exfoliatin toxin

- Results in epidermal layer sloughing off

31
Q

Staphylococcus aureus:

What do its non-toxigenic diseases do to CF patients?

A

They cause increased morbidity and mortality in CF patients

32
Q

Staphylococcus aureus:

What are 6 non-toxigenic diseases related to it?

A
  1. Folliculitis
  2. Cellulitis
  3. Furuncle (boil)
  4. Carbuncle
  5. Impetigo
  6. Osteomyelitis
33
Q

What is this non-toxigenic disease?

  • Infection of hair follicles
  • Pustule develops at base of hair shaft
A

Folliculitis

34
Q

What is this non-toxigenic disease?

  • Acute infection of skin and soft tissues
  • Characterized by localized pain
  • Swelling
  • Tenderness
  • Warmth at site
A

Cellulitis

35
Q

What is this non-toxigenic disease?

  • Infection of a single hair follicle
  • Commonly occur on:
    # Buttocks
    # Face
    # Neck
    # Armpits
    # Groin
  • Often seen with community-acquired MRSA, sports-related activities (teammates sharing shower facilities, etc.)
A

Furuncle (Boil)

36
Q

What is this non-toxigenic disease?

  • Deeper than furuncle
  • A group of infected hair follicles in one location
A

Carbuncle

37
Q

What is this non-toxigenic disease?

  • Most commonly seen in children age 2-5 years old
  • Spread by direct person-to-person contact at a break in the skin
  • Can be contained with appropriate hygiene
A

Impetigo

38
Q

What is this non-toxigenic disease?

  • Infection of the bone
A

Osteomyelitis

39
Q

See chart on PDF to see key reactions by the other Staphylococcus species

A

M’kay

MLS 442 (16 decks)

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