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MLS 442 > Exam 1 (Ch 5 Vocab) > Flashcards

Exam 1 (Ch 5 Vocab) Flashcards

1
Q

Hazard

A

a condition with the potential for injury

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2
Q

Risk

A

the probability that a hazard will be activated and produce an injury

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3
Q

Biological Safety Cabinet (BSC)

A

“hood” allows for containment of splashes or airborne particles

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4
Q

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

A

gloves, masks, goggles, face shields

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5
Q

Fomite

A

inanimate objects capable of transmitting infectious organisms

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6
Q

Engineering control

A
  • to isolate or remove an infectious agent from the workplace
  • example: isolation room
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7
Q

Isolation room

A

a room with a vent system using negative air pressure

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8
Q

Biosafety levels

A
  • Four levels, defines level of hazards with a lab
  • 1 = least; 4 = most
  • Most clinical labs are a “Biosafety Level 2”
  • Educational labs are a Level 1
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9
Q

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

A

literature with hazards, cleanup, etc. info

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10
Q

Exposure control plan

A

a written document saying how a lab will handle a spill or contamination

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11
Q

Normal flora

A
  • endogenous organisms in the body

- the presence of NF does not mean there is an infection

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12
Q

Disinfection

A
  • can destroy infectious agents
  • usually uses chemicals
  • does not create sterile environment
  • spores often survive and remain behind
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13
Q

Sterilization

A
  • all microbial life is destroyed

- examples: surgery, aseptic technique for blood cultures, wound care

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14
Q

4 methods of sterilization

A
  1. Gas sterilization
  2. Dry heat
  3. Chemical sterilization
  4. Steam sterilization (autoclave)
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15
Q

Gas sterilization

A
  • large oven
  • takes hours
  • used for large items such as wheelchairs
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16
Q

Dry heat

A
  • high temperature
  • long exposure time
  • used for items that can rust
17
Q

Chemical sterilization

A
  • uses chemicals
  • long exposure time
  • used for items too big or heat-sensitive for autoclave
18
Q

Steam sterilization (autoclave)

A
  • uses steam under pressure
  • obtains very high temperatures (up to 121 Celsius)
  • to kill spores, requires 121 C for 15 minutes at 15 PSI
19
Q

Standard precautions

A
  • “Universal Precautions”- released by CDC in 1985
  • states that ALL body fluids must be treated as if infectious
  • workers must change gloves before advancing to next patient
  • workers must wash hands after removing gloves
20
Q

Nosocomial infection

A
  • an infection which occurs while a patient is in the hospital for a different reason
  • sometimes referred to as a Hospital Acquired Infection (HAI)
21
Q

Infection control

A

a department responsible to monitor and evaluate HAIs

22
Q

Quality Assurance (QA)

A
  • planned system to provide confidence that a structure or method will perform correctly
  • part of QA is QC
23
Q

Quality Control (QC)

A
  • ensures that reagents and equipment are working correctly
  • Internal and External components
  • part of QC is Specimen Integrity
24
Q

Waste management - what are the 3 different types of waste in the lab?

A
  1. Biohazardous waste
  2. Regular trash
  3. Sharps
25
Q

Specimen Integrity

A
  • Is the specimen really what the label says it is?
  • Was it collected correctly?
  • Is it in the correct container?
  • Was it transported correctly and timely?
  • It does not matter how accurate your testing is if the specimen being tested is not a quality specimen
26
Q

2 main inspecting agencies

A
  1. CDC

2. OSHA

27
Q

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

A

ensure safe and healthy working conditions for Americans by enforcing standards and providing workplace safety training

28
Q

Center for Disease Control (CDC)

A
  • responsible for tracking organisms

- main focus = epidemiology

29
Q

6 types of laboratory hazards

A
  1. Glassware
  2. Chemical
  3. Electrical
  4. Biological
  5. Fire
  6. Radiation
30
Q

Chemical hazard - yellow square indication

A

Reactivity hazard

31
Q

Chemical hazard - blue square indication

A

Health hazard

32
Q

Chemical hazard - red square indication

A

Fire hazard

33
Q

Chemical hazard - white square indication

A

MIscellaneous hazard

34
Q

What is meant by biological hazards?

A

specimens (blood, urine, poo, etc.)

35
Q

The best method against fire hazards is ___.

A

prevention

MLS 442 (16 decks)

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