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Biology I > Exam# 2 Chapters 7 & 8 > Flashcards

Exam# 2 Chapters 7 & 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

-an organ made up of several tissues

A

bone

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2
Q

-bone, cartilage, dense connective, epithelium, adipose tissue, and nervous tissue, are the tissues associated with _____

A

bone

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3
Q

-the entire framework of bones and their cartilages

A

skeletal system

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4
Q

-bones, muscles, and joints form an integrated system called the _____

A

musculoskeletal system

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5
Q

-branch of medical science concerned with the prevention or correction of disorders of the musculoskeletal system is called ____

A

orthopedics

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6
Q

-bone of the adult skeleton are grouped into two particular divisions the ____ and ____

A

axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton

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7
Q

-the bones of the _____ consists of:

  • skull
  • hyoid bone
  • auditory ossicles
  • vertebral column
  • thorax
A

axial skeleton

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8
Q

-the bones of the ____ consists of:

  • pectoral girdles
  • upper limbs
  • pelvic girdle
  • lower limbs
A

appendicular skeleton

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9
Q

-the skull consists of:

A

cranium

face

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10
Q

-the thorax consist of:

A

sternum

ribs

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11
Q

-the pectoral girdles consist of:

A

clavicle

scapula

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12
Q

-the upper limbs consist of:

A 
humerus
ulna 
radius
carpals
metacarpals
phalanges
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13
Q

-the pelvic girdle consist of:

A

hip

pelvic or coxal bone

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14
Q

-the lower limbs consist of:

A 
femur
patella
fibula
tibia
tarsals
metatarsals
phalanges
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15
Q
  • bones that are slightly curved and mostly compact bone tissue
  • strong bones
  • Ex: femur, fibula, tibia, humerous
A

long bones

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16
Q
  • bones that are mostly spongy
  • cubed shaped and nearly equal in length and width
  • Ex: carpals and tarsals
A

short bones

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17
Q
  • parallel plates of compact bone
  • for protection
  • Ex: cranial bones, sternum, scapula
A

flat bones

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18
Q
  • bones that are complex in shape

- Ex: vertebrae, hip bones

A

irregular bones

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19
Q
  • bone shaped like sesame seed
  • develop in tendons with friction
  • located in the knee, hands. talus of foot
A

sesamoid bone

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20
Q

-sites allowing the passage of soft tissue (nerves, blood vessels, ligaments, and tendons) or formation of joints

A

depressions and openings

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21
Q

-narrow slit between adjacent parts of bones through which blood vessels or nerve pass

A

fissure

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22
Q

-opening through which blood vessels, nerves, or ligaments pass

A

foramen

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23
Q

-shallow depressions

A

fossa

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24
Q

-furrow along bone surface that accommodates blood vessels, nerve, or tendons

A

sulcus

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25
Q

-tubelike openings

A

meatus

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26
Q

-projections or outgrowths of bone that form joints or attach points for connective tissue, such as ligaments and tendons

A

processes

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27
Q

-large, round protuberance with a smooth articular surface at the end of bone

A

condyle

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28
Q

-smooth, flat, slightly concave or convex articular surface

A

facet

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29
Q

-usually rounded articular projection supported on neck of bone

A

head

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30
Q

-prominent ridge or elongated projections

A

crest

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31
Q

-typically roughened projection above condyle

A

epicondyle

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32
Q

-long, narrow ridge or border

A

line

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33
Q

-sharp, slender projection

A

spinous process

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34
Q

-very large projection

A

trochanter

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35
Q

-variably sized rounded projection

A

tubercle

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36
Q

-variably sized projection that has a rough bumpy surface

A

tuberosity

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37
Q

-bony framework of the head

A

skull

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38
Q

-form the cranial cavity, which encloses and protects the brain

A

cranial bones

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39
Q

-bones that form the face

A

facial bones

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40
Q

-bone that forms the forehead

A

frontal bone

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41
Q

-form the greater portion of the sides and roof of the cranial cavity

A

parietal bones

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42
Q

-form the inferior lateral aspect of the cranium and part of the cranial floor

A

temporal bones

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43
Q

-projecting from the inferior portion of the temporal squama is the _____

A

zygomatic process

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44
Q
  • directs sound waves into the ear

- also called the ear canal

A

external auditory meatus

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45
Q

-rounded projection of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone posterior and inferior to the external auditory meatus

A

mastoid process

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46
Q

-projects inferior from inferior surface of the temporal bone and serves as a point of attachment for muscles and ligaments of the tongue and neck

A

styloid process

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47
Q
  • the frontal
  • parietal
  • temporal
  • occipital
  • sphenoid
  • ethmoid bones are bones of the _____
A

cranial

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48
Q

-the nasal bones
-maxillae
zygomatic bones
-lacrimal bones
-palatine bones
inferior nasal conchae
-mandible
-vomer make up the _____

A

facial bones

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49
Q

-forms the posterior part and most of the cranium

A

occipital bone

50
Q
  • the inferior part of the occipital bone
  • the medulla oblongata connects with the spinal cord connects here
  • vertebral and spinal arteries pass through
A

foramen magnum

51
Q
  • lies at the middle part of the base of the skull
  • called the keystone of the cranial floor b/c it articulates with all other cranial bones
  • resembles are butterfly
A

sphenoid bone

52
Q
  • bony saddle-shaped structure on the superior surface of the body of the sphenoid
  • in center of sphenoid
A

sella turcica

53
Q
  • delicate bone located in anterior part of the cranial floor
  • spongelike appearance
A

ethmoid bone

54
Q

-partition that divides the nasal cavity into right and left sides

A

nasal septum

55
Q

-of the ethmoid bones lies in the anterior floor of the cranium and forms the roof of the nasal cavity

A

cribriform plate

56
Q

-projecting superiorly from the cribriform plate is a triangular process called ____

A

crista galli

57
Q

-small, flattened, rectangular-shaped bones that form the bridge of the nose

A

nasal bones

58
Q
  • thin and roughly resemble a fingernail in size and shape

- smallest bones of the facelacrimal

A

lacrimal bones

59
Q

-L-shaped bones that form the posterior portion of the hard palate

A

palatine bones

60
Q
  • scroll-like bones

- increase the surface area of the nasal cavity and help swirl and filter air before it passes into the lungs

A

inferior nasal conchae

61
Q
  • roughly triangular bone on the floor of the nasal cavity

- it forms the inferior portion of the bony nasal septum

A

vomer

62
Q
  • unite to form the upper jawbone

- articulates with every bone of the face except the mandible

A

maxillae

63
Q

-the bony roof of the mouth

A

hard palate

64
Q
  • opening in the maxilla

- allows passage of the infraorbital blood vessels and nerve

A

infraorbital foramen

65
Q
  • lower jawbone
  • largest, strongest facial bone
  • the only movable skull bone
A

mandible

66
Q
  • inferior to the second premolar

- spot where dentist injects anesthisia

A

mental foramen

67
Q
  • immovable joint that holds most skull bones together in adults
  • in infants, they are often movable and function as growth centers
A

suture

68
Q

-suture that unites the frontal bone and both parietal bones

A

coronal sutures

69
Q
  • suture that unites the parietal bones on the superior midline
  • in infants, resembles an arrow
A

sagittal suture

70
Q

-suture unites the two parietal bones to the occipital bone

A

lambdoid suture

71
Q

-flat suture, unites the parietal and temporal bones on the lateral aspects of the skull

A

squamous sutures

72
Q
  • incomplete cranial bones
  • areas where unossified mesenchyme develops into dense connective tissues of the skull
  • commonly called” soft spots”
A

frontanels

73
Q
  • largest frontanel, shaped like a diamond

- unpaired

A

anterior frontanel

74
Q
  • located at the midline among two parietal bones and occipital bone
  • unpaired
A

posterior frontanel

75
Q
  • irregular in shape
  • located laterally among the frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones
  • paired
A

anterolateral frontanel

76
Q
  • irregularly shaped

- located among the parietal, occipital, and temperal bones

A

posterolateral frontanel

77
Q
  • U shaped bone
  • does not articulate with any other bone
  • supports the tongue, provides attachment sites for muscles of the tongue, neck, and pharynx
A

hyoid bone

78
Q
  • composed of a series of bones vertebrae
  • consists of the bone and connective tissue, the spinal cord
  • movable
  • also called the spine, backbone, or spinal column
A

vertebral column

79
Q
  • the 7 bones in the neck region

- movable

A

cervical vertebrae

80
Q
  • the 12 bones posterior to the thoracic cavity

- movable

A

thoracic vertebrae

81
Q
  • the 5 bones supporting the lower back

- movable

A

lumbar vertebrae

82
Q
  • 1 bone, consisting of five fused sacral vertebrae

- do not move

A

sacrum

83
Q
  • 1 bone, usually consisting of four coccgeal vertebrae

- do not move

A

coccyx

84
Q
  • the ____ and ____ are convex curves (bulging out)

- the ____ and ____ are concave curves (cupping in)

A

cervical and lumbar

thoracic and sacral

85
Q
  • a _____ has one curve

- an _____ has four curves

A

fetus

adult

86
Q

-secondary curve, formed by 7 vertebrae

A

cervical curve

87
Q

-primary curve, formed by 12 thoracic vertebrae

A

thoracic curve

88
Q

-secondary curve, formed by 5 lumbar vertebrae

A

lumbar curve

89
Q

-primary curve, formed by 5 fused sacral vertebrae

A

sacral curve

90
Q

-formed by the overlapping of two bones

A

intervertebal disc

91
Q

-found between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae from second cervical vertebrae to the sacrum

A

intervertebral disc

92
Q

-the thick, disc-shaped anterior portion, is the weight

bearing part of a vertebrae

A

vertebral body

93
Q
  • formed by the pedicles and flat laminae

- extends posteriorly from the body of the vertebrae

A

vertebral arch

94
Q
  • smaller than other vertebrae

- has 3 foramina called vertebral foramen and and 2 transverse foramina

A

cervical vertebrae

95
Q
  • the first cervical vertebrae inferior to the skull
  • a ring of bone with anterior and posterior arches and large lateral masses
  • allows the head to say “yes”
A

atlas

96
Q
  • the second cervical vertebrae
  • has a peglike process called the ____, which makes a pivot on which the atlas and head rotate
  • allows the head to say “no”
A

axis

97
Q
  • larger and stronger then the cervical vertebrae
  • articulates with the ribs
  • has articular surfaces called facets or demifacets
A

thoracic vertebrae

98
Q

-the largest and strongest of the unfused bones in the vertebral column b/c of the amount of body weight supported

A

lumbar vertebrae

99
Q
  • triangular bone formed by the union of five sacral vertebrae
  • serves as a strong foundation for the pelvic girdle
  • in females its shorter and wider
A

sacrum

100
Q
  • triangular in shape
  • in females it points inferiorly to allow the passage for a baby
  • in males it points anteriorly
A

coccyx

101
Q

-is a bony enclosure formed by the sternum. ribs, and their costal cartilages, and the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae

A

thoracic cage

102
Q

-breastbone, is a flat narrow bone located in the center of the anterior thoracic wall

A

sternum

103
Q

-parts of the sternum

  • the superior part is the ____
  • the middle and largest part is the ____
  • the smallest part is the ____, this can be fractured during CPR
A

manubrium

body

xiphoid process

104
Q

-12 pairs of bones that gives structural support to the sides of the thoracic cavity

A

ribs

105
Q
  • 1 to 7 pairs if ribs have a direct anterior attachment to the sternum by a strip of hyaline cartilage called ____
  • can prevent fracturing of the ribs and sternum
A

costal cartilage

106
Q
  • spaces between ribs are called ____
  • are occupied by muscle, blood vessels and nerves
  • allows surgical access to the lungs and other structures in thoracic cavity
A

intercostal spaces

107
Q
  • ribs 1 to 7 are the ____
  • ribs 8 to 12 are the ____
  • ribs 11 and 12 are the ____
A

true ribs

false ribs

floating ribs

108
Q
  • the ____ attach the bones of the upper limb to the axial skeleton
  • it consist of the ____ and ____
A

pectoral girdles

clavicle and scapula

109
Q

-the ____ is the anterior bone of the pectoral girdle, and the ____ is the posterior bone

A

clavicle

scapula

110
Q

-the ____ unite anteriorly at the ____ and posteriorly at the sacrum to form the ____

A

hip bones

pubic symphysis

bony pelvis

111
Q

-the ____ is the anterior and inferior part of the hip bone

A

pubis

112
Q
  • the joint between the two pubes of the hip bones

- consist of fibrocartilage

A

pubic symphysis

113
Q
  • the _____ pelvis is wider and shallower

- to accommodate the infants head at childbirth

A

females

114
Q
  • the axial skeleton has _____ bones
  • the appendicular skeleton has ____ bones
  • the entire skeleton has ____ bones
A

80 axial

126 appendicular

206 entire skeleton

115
Q

The size, weight, and width of the ____ pelvis is the difference then in ____

A

females

males

116
Q
  • a ridge on the posterior side of the femur which muscles attach to
A

Línea aspera

117
Q

-the epiphyseal plate becomes the _____ , it’s an example of _____

A
  • epiphyseal line

- syntosis

118
Q

-the purpose of the curves in the spine is to _____

A

bare weight

119
Q

-trabeculae are formed on the _____

A

stressline

120
Q
  • when the cartilage model grows in thickness due to more extracellular matrix
  • it’s accompanied by new chondroblast
  • the medullary canal widens
A

appositional growth

Biology I (13 decks)

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