Exam #2 Chapters 6 & 9 Flashcards
-we defined the skeletal system as _____ plus ____
bones and cartilages
-the study of bone structure and the treatment of bone disorders
osteology
the functions of the ____
- support
- protection
- assist in movement
- mineral homeostasis
- blood cell production
- triglyceride storage
skeletal system
- within certain bones, a connective tissue called red bone marrow produces RBC’s , WBC’s and platelets, a process called ____
- blood cell production
hemopoiesis
-consist mainly of adipose cells, which store triclycerides
yellow bone marrow
-bones store calcium, phosphorus, and other minerals, and release them on demand
mineral homeostasis
- a ____ bone that has greater length and width and consists of :
- diaphysis
- epiphyses
- metaphyses
- periostuem
- medullary canal
- endosteum
long bone
- bone shaft
- main portion of bone
- contains yellow bone marrow
diaphysis
- the proximal and distal ends of bone
- contains red blood marrow
epiphyses
- growing bone, transitional region, contains epiphyseal plate/line
- contains red blood marrow
metaphyses
-a thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the part of the epiphysis where the bone forms an articulation
articular cartilage
-connective tissue sheath, where there is no cartilage
periosteum
-is a hollow, contains fatty yellow bone marrow and numerous blood vessels
medullary cavity
- thin membrane of bone forming cells
- lines the medullary cavity
endosteum
-bone is a connective tissue because
____ and ____
extracellular matrix and distance between cells
-in bone, collagen fibers make a framework, then mineral salts are deposited to harden the tissue, this is ____
calcification
-the most abundant mineral salt in bone is ____
calcium phosphate
- unspecified cells derived from the mesenchyme
- they divide and develop into osteopblast
osteoprogenitor cells
- secrete collagen fibers, initiate calcification, surrounding themselves with ECM
- forms bone ECM
- once trapped they differentiate into osteocytes
osteoblasts
- the word ending in _____, of a bone cell or any other connective tissue cell means the cell secretes extracellular matrix
- builds bonefusion
blasts
- mature cells, take care of bone’s metabolism such as exchange nutrients and waste
- do not undergo cell division
osteocytes
-the ending ____, of a bone cell or any other tissue cell means that cell maintains and monitors tissue
cyte
- fusion of as many as 50 monosytes (WBC’s)
- functions in reabsorption,
- contain lysosomal enzymes to breakdown bone extracellular matrix, which is called bone resorption
osteoclast
- contains few spaces, and is the strongest form of bone
- remodels when stressed
compact bone tissue
-repeating structural units in compact bone, also known as haversian systems
osteons
- the resembling of growth rings in osteons
- plates of mineralized ECM
concentric lamellae
-blood vessels and nerves that the concentric lamellae is around
osteonic canal
- between the concentric lamellae are small spaces called ____
- where osteocytes reside
lacunae
- radiating in all directions from the lacunae
- filled with ECF, and projections of the osteocytes
- systems to exchange wastes, nutrients, oxygen
canaliculi
- between neighboring osteons
- result of reorganization of bone being built
- bones reorganize because of stress
interstitial lamellae
- vessels and nerves connecting medullary cavity, periosteum, and central canals
- keeps bone alive
interosteonic canals
-around the circumference (outer edge) of bone
circumferential lamellae
-connects circumferential lamellae to periosteum
perforating fibers
- does not have osteons
- always located inferior of a bone, protected by compact bone
- builds when stressed
spongy bone tissue
-in spongy bone, lamellae arranged in irregular, thin columns called ____
trabeculae
-spaces between trabeculae are filled with ____
red marrow
-aligned along trabeculae of new bone are _____
osteoblasts
-the process by which bone forms
ossification
_____ happens in this order
- develop ossification center
- calcification
- formation of trabeculae and red bone marrow
- development of periosteum
intramembraneous ossification
- when bone forms directly within mesenchyme developed from periosteum
- flat and facial bones
- soft spots
intramembraneous ossification
-the cluster of mesenchyme cells that differentiate in bone formation and secrete
ossification center
- ____ happens in this order where connective tissue created the bone
1. development of cartilage model
2. growth of model
3. primary ossification center (diaphysis)
4. medullary canal
5. secondary ossification center (epiphyses)
6. articular cartilage and growth plate
endochondrial ossification
-chondroblast secrete ECM consisting of hyaline cartilage
cartilage model