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Biology I > Exam #2 Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Exam #2 Chapter 5 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

-study that deals with the structure, function, and disorders of the integumentary system

A

dermatology

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2
Q

-also known as cutaneous membrane, covers the external surface of the body and largest organ of the body

A

skin

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3
Q
  • superficial, thinner portion, composed of keratinized stratified epithelial tissue
  • avascular
A

epidermis

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4
Q
  • the _____ has 4 types of cells:

- kerainocytes, melanocytes, intraepidermal macrophages and tactile epithelial cells

A

epidermis

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5
Q

-the skin consist of two layers the _____ and ____

A

epidermis and dermis

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6
Q

-90% of the cells, produce keratrin and lamellar granules

A

keratinocytes

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7
Q
  • tough, fibrous protein that helps protect the skin and underlying tissue
  • protects against physical damage, heat, microbes
A

keratin

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8
Q
  • produce 8% of cells in epidermis, which develop from ectoderm of a developing embryo and produce the pigment melanin
  • hemoglobin in RBC’s
  • carotene-vitamin A precursor
A

melanocytes

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9
Q
  • a yellow-red or brown-black pigment that contributes to skin color and absorbs damaging UV light
  • located in epidermis in melanocytes
A

melanin

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10
Q
  • arise from red bone marrow and migrate to epidermis, function is for immune response
  • also called Langerhans cells
A

intraepidermal macrophages

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11
Q
  • located in the deepest layer of the epidermis, contain flattened process of neurons called tactile disc, detect touch sensation
A

tactile epithelial cells (merkel cells)

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12
Q
  • part of stratum granulosum in epidermis, lipid rich secretion
  • function is waterproofing the skin
A

lamellar graules

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13
Q

-mealnin, keratin, and hemoglobin produces ____

A

skin color

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14
Q
  • deepest layer of epidermis
  • single row of cuboidal or columnar cells
  • stem cells: actively dividing
  • location of melanocytes and tactile epithelial cells
A

stratum basale

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15
Q
  • 8 to 10 layers of keratinocytes in epidermis
  • have spines of keratin that insert into desmosomes that gives strength and flexibilty
  • superficial to stratum basale
A

stratum spinosum

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16
Q
  • 3 to 5 layers of cells undergoing apoptosis (cell death) in epidermis
  • keratin not being produced but stands out as cell dies
  • release of lamellar granules to SG, SL, and SC
A

stratum granulosum

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17
Q
  • only present in layers of thick skin such as fingerprints, palms, soles of feet
  • 4 to 6 layers of flattened dead cells and thickened plasma membrane, in vepidermis
  • extra layer of protection
A

stratum lucidum

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18
Q
  • average 25 to 30 layers of dead keratinocytes, in epidermis
  • basically membrane encloses packages of keratin
  • layered in complex, wavy folds of protection
A

stratum corneum

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19
Q
  • the deeper, thicker dense irregular connective tissue portion of the skin
  • vasular, skin bleeds if cuts
  • resist stress and structural support
A

dermis

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20
Q
  • deep to dermis but not part of skin

- consist of areolar and adipose tissue, serves as a storage for fat

A

subcutaneous layer

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21
Q

-nerve endings in sub layer and dermis, that is sensitive to pressure

A

lamellated corpuscles

22
Q
  • top 1/5 half of the dermis
  • superficial portion of dermis, areolar tissue
  • small projections into the epidermis, contain:
  • capillary loops
  • corpuscles of touch (meissner)
  • free nerve endings
A

papillary layer

23
Q

-increases the dermis surface area, small nipple shaped structures

A

dermal papillae

24
Q

-all dermal papillae contains blood vessels called ____

A

capillary loops

25
Q
  • tactile receptors in dermis

- nerve endings that are sensitive to touch

A

carpuscles of touch (meissner)

26
Q
  • in dermis, dendrites that lack apparent structural specialization
  • gives signals of warmth, coolness, pain, tickling, and itching
A

free nerve ending

27
Q
  • deeper portion of dermis
  • collagen and elastic fibers arranged in netlike manner=extensibility
  • also contains glands, follicles, and vessels
A

reticular layer

28
Q
  • downward projections of epidermis between dermal papillae
  • bonds epidermis and dermis, and increases surface area for improved grip
  • sweat pores and ridges form fingerprints and foot prints
A

epidermal ridges

29
Q

-the ____ of the skin are also called epidermal derivatives because they arise from the embryonic epidermis
EX: hair, glands (sebaceous, eccrine, apocrine), and nails

A

accessory structures

30
Q

-columns of dead, keratinized cells bound with proteins

A

hair

31
Q
  • superficial portion of hair

- projects above the surface of skin

A

hair shaft

32
Q

-portion of the hair deep to the shaft that penetrates the dermis, sometimes subQ

A

hair root

33
Q

-base of each hair follicle and its surrounded dermal root sheath is an onion shaped structure called ____

A

hair bulb

34
Q

-the hair bulb also contains the ____, the blood supply of the hair

A

papilla

35
Q
  • derived from stratum basale=site of cell division
  • located in hair bulb
  • similar to the epithelial layer
A

hair matrix

36
Q
  • smooth muscles that cause hair to stand up when stressed

- goosbumps

A

arrector pili

37
Q

-bundle of dendrites in hair, sensitive to touch

A

hair root plexus

38
Q
  • located in the dermis
  • oil glands, secrete sebum
  • keeps hair soft, prevents water evaporation from skin
  • inhibits bacterial growth
  • most connected to hair follicles
A

sebaceous glands

39
Q
  • mixture of triclycerides, cholesterol, proteins, and inorganic salts
  • located in sebaceous glands
A

sebum

40
Q

-sweat glands, secrete perspiration

has two types eccrine and apocrine

A

sudoriferous glands

41
Q
  • born with
  • most common sweat gland
  • regulates temp via evaporation, limited removal of waste
A

eccrine

42
Q
  • develop around puberty
  • sweat is milky or yellowish because it contains lipids and proteins
  • bacteria + stuff to digest =body odor
  • secretes exocytosis
A

apocrine

43
Q
  • produce cerumin, ear wax
  • waterproofing, foreign body barrier
  • develop soon after birth
A

ceruminous

44
Q

-visible portion of the nail

A

nail body

45
Q

-extend past the distal end, the finger or toe

A

free edge

46
Q

-portion of the nail that is not visible, buried in a fold of skin

A

nail root

47
Q

-skin below the nail plate that extends from the lunula to the hyponychuim

A

nail bed

48
Q
  • the epithelium proximal to the nail root

- contains dividing cells, which produce new nail cells

A

nail matrix

49
Q
  • the cuticle of the nail

- stratum corneum of the epidermis

A

eponychium

50
Q
  • thickened region of stratum coreum

- secures nail to finger tip

A

hyponychium

51
Q

-thick white part of the nail

A

lunula

52
Q

-plates of tightly packed, hard, dead, keratinized epidermal cells that form a clear, solid covering over digits

A

nails

Biology I (13 decks)

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