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Interpersonal Communication > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

culture

A

an established coherent set of beliefs, attitudes, values, and practices shared by a large group of people

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2
Q

power

A

the ability to influence or control people and events

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3
Q

co-cultural communication theory

A

the people who have more dominant power within a society determine the dominant culture because they get to decide the prevailing views, values, and traditions of the society

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4
Q

co-cultures

A

they have their won cultures that co-exist within a dominant culture

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5
Q

prejudice

A

stereotypes that reflect rigid attitudes toward groups and their members

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6
Q

stereotype content model

A

prejudice centers on two judgements made about others: how warm and friendly they are, and how competent they are

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7
Q

benevolent prejudice

A

occurs when people think of a particular group as inferior but also friendly and competent

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8
Q

Hostile prejudice

A

happens when people have negative attitudes toward a group of individuals that they see as unfriendly and incompetent

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9
Q

individualistic cultures

A

people tend to value independence and personal achievement

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10
Q

collectivistic cultures

A

people emphasize group identity, interpersonal harmony and well-being of ingroups

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11
Q

high-context cultures

A

such as in China, Korea, and Japan, people use relatively vague and ambiguous language and even silence to convey important meaning

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12
Q

low-context cultures

A

people tend not to presume that others share their beliefs, attitudes, and values

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13
Q

uncertainty avoidance

A

cultures vary in how much they tolerate and accept unpredictability

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14
Q

display rules

A

guidelines for when, where, and how to appropriately express emotions

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15
Q

power distance

A

the degree to which people in a particular culture view the unequal distribution of power as acceptable

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16
Q

Masculine cultures

A

place importance upon personal ambition, competition, assertiveness, and material gain as core values

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17
Q

monochromatic time orientation

A

people who view time as a precious resource. You may view time as a gift you give others to show your affection, or as a tool for punishing someone

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18
Q

feminine culture

A

emphasize personal connections to other, relationship health, quality of life, and concern for the poor and the elderly

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19
Q

polychronic time orientation

A

don’t view time as a resource to be spent, saved, or guarded. They don’t consider the time of day

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20
Q

intercultural communication competence

A

the ability to interpersonally communicate in an appropriate, effective, and ethical fashion with people from diverse backgrounds

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21
Q

world-mindedness

A

you demonstrate acceptance and respect toward other cultures, beliefs, values, and customs

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22
Q

ethnocentrism

A

the belief that one’s own cultural beliefs, attitudes, values, and practices are superior to others

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23
Q

Communication Accommodation Theory

A

people are especially motivated to adapt their communication when they seek social approval, when they wish to establish relationships with others, and when they view others’ language usage as appropriate

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24
Q

listening

A

involves receiving attending to understanding responding to and recalling sounds and visual images

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25
Q

hearing

A

vibrations travel along acoustic nerves to your brain, which interprets them as your friend’s words and voice tone

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26
Q

receiving

A

seeing+hearing

first step in the listening process

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27
Q

attending

A

the second step in the listening process

involves devoting attention to the info you’ve received

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28
Q

mental bracketing

A

systematically putting aside thoughts that aren’t relevant to the interaction at hand

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29
Q

understanding

A

interpreting the meaning of another person’s communication by comparing newly received info against our past knowledge

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30
Q

short-term memory

A

the part of your mind that temporarily houses the info while you seek to understand its meaning

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31
Q

long-term memory

A

the part of your mind devoted to permanent info storage

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32
Q

responding

A

communicating their attention and understanding to you

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33
Q

feedback

A

to communicate attention while others are talking

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34
Q

back-channel cues

A

verbal and nonverbal behaviors such as nodding and making comments

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35
Q

paraphrasing

A

summarizing others comments once they have finished

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36
Q

recalling

A

remembering information after you’ve received attended to understood and responded to it

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37
Q

mnemonics

A

devices that aid memory

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38
Q

listening functions

A

purposes for listening

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39
Q

listening style

A

your habitual pattern of listening behaviors which reflect your attitudes, beliefs and predispositions regarding the listening process

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40
Q

action-oriented listeners

A

want brief, to-the-point, and accurate messages from others– information they can then use to make decisions or initiate courses of action

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41
Q

time-oriented listeners

A

prefer brief and concise encounters. tend to let others know in advance exactly how much time they have available for each conversation

42
Q

people-oriented listeners

A

view listening as an opportunity to establish commonalities between themselves and others

43
Q

content-oriented listeners

A

prefer to be intellectually challenged by the messages they receive during interpersonal encounters

44
Q

selective listening

A

taking only those bits and pieces of information that are immediately salient during an interpersonal encounter and dismissing the rest

45
Q

eavesdropping

A

when people intentionally and systematically set up situations so they can listen to private conversations

46
Q

pseudo-listening

A

behaving as if you’re paying attention though you’re really not

47
Q

aggressive listening (ambushing)

A

attend to what others say solely to find an opportunity to attack their conversational partners

48
Q

provocateurs

A

post messages designed solely as “trolls” to annoy others

49
Q

narcissistic listening

A

self-absorbed listening: the perpetrator ignores what others have to say and redirects the conversation to him- or herself and his or her own interests.

50
Q

verbal communication

A

the exchange of spoken or written language with others during interactions

51
Q

symbols

A

items we use to represent things

52
Q

constitutive rules

A

define word meaning: they tell us which words represent which objects

53
Q

regulative rules

A

govern how we use language when we verbally communicate

54
Q

personal idioms

A

words and phrases that have unique meanings to them

55
Q

dialects

A

when large groups of people share creative variations on language rules

56
Q

denotive meaning

A

the literal meaning of your word, as agreed upon by members of your culture

57
Q

connotive meaning

A

additional understanding of a word’s meaning based on the situation and the knowledge we and our communication partners share

58
Q

linguistic determinism

A

we lack a vocabulary– that language quite literally defines the boundaries of our thinking

59
Q

linguistic relativity

A

agreed that people from different cultures would perceive and think about the world in very different ways

60
Q

naming

A

creating linguistic symbols for objects

61
Q

speech acts

A

actions we perform with language

62
Q

cooperative verbal communication

A

when you produce messages that have three characteristics

1) you speak in ways that others can easily understand that is honest, informative, relevant, and clear
2) you take action for using “I” language
3) you make others feel included by using “we”

63
Q

“you” language

A

phrases that place the focus of attention and blame on other poeple

64
Q

“I” language

A

phrases that emphasize ownership of your feelings

65
Q

“we” language

A

wordings that emphasize inclusion– tend to be more satisfied with their relationships that those who routinely rely on “I” and “you” messages

66
Q

communication apprehension

A

fear or anxiety associated with interaction that keeps them from being able to communicate cooperatively

67
Q

communication plans

A

mental maps that describe exactly how communication encounters will unfold

68
Q

defensive communication

A

impolite messages delivered in response to suggestions, criticism, or perceived slights

69
Q

verbal aggression

A

the tendency to attach other’s self-concepts rather than their positions on topics of conversation

70
Q

deception

A

occurs when people deliberately use uninformative, untruthful, irrelevant, or vague language for the purpose of misleading others

71
Q

nonverbal communication

A

the intentional or unintentional transmission of meaning through the individual’s nonspoken physical and behavioral cues

72
Q

mixed messages

A

verbal and nonverbal behaviors that convey contradictory meanings

73
Q

nonverbal communication

A

the different means used for transmitting information nonverbally

74
Q

kinesics

A

visible body movements
richest nonverbal code in terms of its power to communicate meaning, and it includes most of the behaviors we associate with nonverbal communication: facial expression, eye contact, gestures, and body posture

75
Q

emblems

A

things that represent specific verbal meaning such as flipping someone off

76
Q

illustrators

A

accent or illustrate verbal messages using gestures

77
Q

regulators

A

control the exchange of conversational turns during interpersonal encounters
Listeners use regulators to tell speakers to keep talking, repeat something, hurry up, or let another person talk

78
Q

adapters

A

touching gestures that serve as a psychological or physical purpose

79
Q

immediacy

A

the degree to which you find someone interesting and attractive (lean forward, keep your back straight, hold head up and face forward with arms open while talking if you like them)

80
Q

power

A

the ability to influence or control other people or events

81
Q

vocalics

A

vocal characteristics we use to communicate nonverbal messages

82
Q

haptics

A

using touch to communicate nonverbally

83
Q

functional-professional touch

A

used to accomplish some type of task (handshake)

84
Q

social-polite touch

A

derives from social norms and expectations

85
Q

friendship-warmth touch

A

express liking another person (squeezing friends arm)

86
Q

love-intimacy touch

A

lets you convey deep emotional feelings

87
Q

aggressive hostile touch

A

involves forms of physical violence like grabbing, slapping, and hitting, behaviors designed to hurt and humiliate others

88
Q

proxemics

A

communication through the use of physical distance

89
Q

intimate space

A

ranges from 0-18 inches

90
Q

personal space

A

ranges between 18 inches - 4 feet; the distance we occupy in encounters with friends

91
Q

social space

A

ranges from 4-12 feet

many people use it when communicating in the workplace or with acquaintances and strangers.

92
Q

public space

A

the distance between persons ranges upward from 12 feet
including great distances; this span occurs most often during formal occasions such as public speeches or college lectures

93
Q

territoriality

A

the tendency to claim physical spaces as our own and to define certain locations as areas we don’t want others to invade without permission

94
Q

chronemics

A

the way you use time to communicate during interpersonal encounters

95
Q

physical appearance

A

visible attributes such as hair, clothing, body type, and other physical features

96
Q

artifacts

A

the things we possess that influence how we see ourselves and that we use to express our identity to others

97
Q

environment

A

the physical features of our surroundings

98
Q

affect displays

A

intentional or unintentional nonverbal behaviors that display actual or feigned emotions

99
Q

intimacy

A

the feeling of closeness and “union” that exists between us and our partners

100
Q

dominance

A

refers to the interpersonal behaviors we use to exert power and influence on others

101
Q

submissiveness

A

the willingness to allow others to exert power over us

Interpersonal Communication (11 decks)

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