Chapter 7

Question 1

verbal communication

Answer 1

the exchange of spoken or written language with others during interactions

Question 2

symbols

Answer 2

items we use to represent things

Question 3

constitutive rules

Answer 3

define word meaning: they tell us which words represent which objects

Question 4

regulative rules

Answer 4

govern how we use language when we verbally communicate

Question 5

personal idioms

Answer 5

words and phrases that have unique meanings to them

Question 6

dialects

Answer 6

when large groups of people share creative variations on language rules

Question 7

denotive meaning

Answer 7

the literal meaning of your word, as agreed upon by members of your culture

Question 8

connotive meaning

Answer 8

additional understanding of a word’s meaning based on the situation and the knowledge we and our communication partners share

Question 9

linguistic determinism

Answer 9

we lack a vocabulary– that language quite literally defines the boundaries of our thinking

Question 10

linguistic relativity

Answer 10

agreed that people from different cultures would perceive and think about the world in very different ways

Question 11

naming

Answer 11

creating linguistic symbols for objects

Question 12

speech acts

Answer 12

actions we perform with language

Question 13

cooperative verbal communication

Answer 13

when you produce messages that have three characteristics

1) you speak in ways that others can easily understand that is honest, informative, relevant, and clear
2) you take action for using “I” language
3) you make others feel included by using “we”

Question 14

“you” language

Answer 14

phrases that place the focus of attention and blame on other poeple

Question 15

“I” language

Answer 15

phrases that emphasize ownership of your feelings

Question 16

“we” language

Answer 16

wordings that emphasize inclusion– tend to be more satisfied with their relationships that those who routinely rely on “I” and “you” messages

Question 17

communication apprehension

Answer 17

fear or anxiety associated with interaction that keeps them from being able to communicate cooperatively

Question 18

communication plans

Answer 18

mental maps that describe exactly how communication encounters will unfold

Question 19

defensive communication

Answer 19

impolite messages delivered in response to suggestions, criticism, or perceived slights

Question 20

verbal aggression

Answer 20

the tendency to attach other’s self-concepts rather than their positions on topics of conversation

Question 21

deception

Answer 21

occurs when people deliberately use uninformative, untruthful, irrelevant, or vague language for the purpose of misleading others