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7313/7333 Bringman > EXAM 2: 2.8 Motor Control > Flashcards

EXAM 2: 2.8 Motor Control Flashcards

1
Q

What is motor control?

A

the ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms that control movement

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2
Q

How is motor control regulated?

A

by the CNS through the PNS

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3
Q

What does the body take into account with motor control?

A
  • individual
  • task
  • environment
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4
Q

motor control (individual) and action

A

the individual usually has the activity within them to do it

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5
Q

motor control (individual) and perception

A

sensory info while we’re doing the task (i.e. proprioception) allows us to perceive what’s happening

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6
Q

motor control (individual) and cognition

A

must have cognitive ability and an intent to do the motion

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7
Q

What is taken into account with motor control and the task at hand?

A
  • mobility
  • stability
  • manipulation
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8
Q

motor control (task): mobility

A
  • ability to move
  • ROM
  • strength to make things move
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9
Q

motor control (task): stability

A

most tasks require some base of support

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10
Q

motor control (task): manipulation

A

can manipulate ourselves (mobility/stability) to make quick changes

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11
Q

motor control and environment

A
  • regulatory

- nonregulatory

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12
Q

motor control (environment): regulatory

A
  • task must conform to features of the environment

- think styrofoam death gripping

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13
Q

motor control (environment): nonregulatory

A
  • movement does not have to conform to the environment

- think fans, free throws, etc.

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14
Q

motor learning: time frame

A
  • hours, days, weeks
  • depends on what you’re learning
  • motor control is constantly happening here
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15
Q

motor development: time frame

A
  • months, years

- motor control also constantly happening here

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16
Q

What are the theories on motor control?

A
  • hierarchical
  • reflex
  • systems
17
Q

motor control theory: hierarchical

A
  • ranked from top down
  • most important is the brain
  • making a movement comes from the brain
18
Q

What is the limitation to the hierarchical motor control theory?

A

reflex arcs:

  • goes to spinal cord and right back out
  • doesn’t prove everything
19
Q

motor control theory: reflex

A
  • complex movements can be explained by a series of reflexes that come together to make a movement
  • reflexes must have some sort of external stimuli
  • theory doesn’t hold up
20
Q

motor control theory: systems

- based on:

A

feedback loops

21
Q

types of feedback loops

A
  • closed loop

- open loop

22
Q

motor control theory: systems

closed loop

A

continuous feedback to allow movement to continue in a controlled manner

  • detect and correct errors in movement
  • task completed and repeated
  • activity occurring at a slow enough rate to be able to change
23
Q

motor control theory: systems

open loop

A
  • quick movements that are too fast to allow the CNS to interpret feedback
  • only get feedback after the movement is completed

**the next time you do the task, you make the adjustment

24
Q

What is motor learning?

A
  • process of acquiring the capability for skilled action

- results from experience and/or practice

25
Q

How do we measure learning?

A
  • can’t measure directly

- inferred based on behavior

26
Q

learning and behavior changes

A

learning produces relatively permanent changes in behavior

27
Q

learning: short or long term

A

Learning is a long term change. Short term alterations are not thought of as learning

28
Q

short term changes seen in a practice session

A

performance

29
Q

phases of learning

A
  • cognitive
  • associative
  • autonomous
30
Q

phases of learning: cognitive

A
  • task is new, and the learner must think about it in great detail
  • trying to learn what to do
  • visual aids are helpful here
31
Q

cognitive phase: what type of loop?

A
  • typically closed loop

- while you’re doing it, you’re still trying to change things

32
Q

phases of learning: associative

A
  • learning HOW to do the task

- error detection in each trial allows for fine tuning in the task

33
Q

phases of learning: autonomous

A
  • can carry out a task without much attention easily

- once in this phase, change comes very slowly

34
Q

Which phase of learning is the most difficult for people with learning disabilities?

A

cognitive

35
Q

Which phase of learning might you encounter a stumbling block with frustration over failure? What may happen?

A
  • associative phase

- once frustration hits, the learning stops happening

36
Q

Why is it so important to learn a task correctly from the beginning?

A
  • difficult to change bad habits once they’re in the autonomous phase
  • can’t let our patients get here

7313/7333 Bringman (56 decks)

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