Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

7313/7333 Bringman > 3.28 Stroke > Flashcards

3.28 Stroke Flashcards

1
Q

2 types of strokes

A
  • ischemic

- hemorrhagic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which type of stroke accounts for 80% of all strokes?

A

ischemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ischemic strokes occur because of

A

blockages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

types of blockages

A
  • embolytic

- thrombotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

embolytic blockage

A
  • caused by an embolus

- travels to the spot of occlusion in the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

types of emboli

A
  • fat
  • blood clot
  • plaque
  • air
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

fat embolus can happen when?

A
  • post-surgery

- massive injury with bony damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where does the blood clot embolus from a DVT go?

A

DVT from the leg (usually goes through to the lungs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Who gets blood clot emboli that could cause an ischemic stroke?

A

pts with ectopic heartbeat or a-fib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why are a-fib pts susceptible to ischemic stroke?

A
  • blood hangs out in the heart

- get asynchronous pumping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What can help determine where a stroke is?

A

ECG (echocardiogram)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How can plaque cause a stroke?

A
  • from arteries

- can be caused during an angioplasty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where does plaque buildup that causes a stroke start?

A

carotid arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the procedure where plaque is removed from the carotid arteries?

A

carotid endartectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does an air embolus cause a stroke?

A

air in IV or syringe that gets pushed through the artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a thrombotic ischemic stroke?

A
  • caused by a thrombus

- grows in spot of occlusion - brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does TPA stand for?

A

tissue plasminogen activator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What type of stroke is the best type to get and why?

A
  • embolytic stroke from a blood clot

- can be given TPA to break it up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is TPA?

A

super duper blood thinner that can dissolve a clot

20
Q

downfall to taking TPA?

A

high bleed risk

21
Q

When does TPA need to be started?

A
  • within 3-4 hours of the first symptom

- after 3 hours, the damage has been done

22
Q

What must be confirmed before giving TPA?

A

must be sure it’s an ischemic stroke from a clot

23
Q

signs of stroke

A

FAST = face, arms, speech, time

24
Q

Where does stroke usually occur?

A

MCA

25
Q

Why is TPA such an important drug for stroke?

A

can make a huge impact “miracle drug”

26
Q

What type of stroke accounts for 20% of all strokes?

A

hemorrhagic

27
Q

What causes a hemorrhagic stroke?

A

bleed in the brain (not inside an artery anymore)

  • artery is damaged
  • accident can create a tear that bleeds
28
Q

Hemorrhagic strokes are usually caused by

A

aneurysms

29
Q

Where do most aneurysms happen?

A

in the Circle of Willis

30
Q

Why is the Circle of Willis susceptible to aneurysms?

A

vessels come together at almost 90˚

  • blood flow deflected, can get blockage
  • high risk for extra pressure
  • artery wall weakens, blood pushes in and pouches
31
Q

What kinds of “shapes” an aneurysms make?

A
  • ball/bubble

- dissection

32
Q

Ball/bubble aneurysms usually occur here

A

in the brain

33
Q

Dissection aneurysms usually occur here

A

large vessels (i.e. abdominal aorta)

34
Q

Major risk factors for aneurysms

A
  • long term HBP

- valsalva in HBP pt may jump BP and cause aneurysm to rupture

35
Q

Berry aneurysm

A
  • runs along the Circle of Willis

- looks like a raspberry

36
Q

Why do we not know we have an aneurysm until it ruptures (typically)?

A
  • bleeds until pressure builds up - nowhere else for it to go
  • enough pressure stops the blood flow
37
Q

What will be done if an aneurysm is bad enough?

A

craniotomy

- aneurysm is clipped

38
Q

result in brain tissue of clipping an aneurysm

A

brain tissue distal to the aneurysm dies: body reabsorbs the tissue

39
Q

AVM

A

arteriovenous malformation

40
Q

What is an AVM?

A

congenital defect that can result in stroke

  • poor blood flow
  • weakened walls
  • increased pressure occurs » ruptures
41
Q

Percentage of AVMs that rupture

A

50%

42
Q

preventative craniotomy

A

clip (fix) aneurysms before they rupture

43
Q

Why would a coiling procedure be done?

A

aneurysm creating strokelike symptoms because it’s pushing on other tissues

44
Q

What is coiling?

A
  • catheter through femoral artery to the aneurysm in the brain
  • make a bird’s nest of wire inside the aneurysm
  • fills space so that blood isn’t going into it anymore
45
Q

What is the result of a coiling procedure?

A
  • body eventually heals up over it and encapsulates the wire

- restores blood flow

7313/7333 Bringman (56 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions