1.12 Skin

Question 1

4 layers of epidermis

Answer 1

• stratum corneum
• stratum granulosum
• stratum spinulosum
• stratum basale

Question 2

Which is the outermost layer of the skin?

Answer 2

stratum corneum

Question 3

Which is the innermost layer?

Answer 3

stratum basale

Question 4

function of the stratum corneum

Answer 4

• provides protection from infection
• waterproofing
• dry

Question 5

function of stratum granulosum

Answer 5

water retention

Question 6

function of stratum spinulosum

Answer 6

holds the two outer layers to the stratum basale

Question 7

function of stratum basale

Answer 7

• regeneration of skin

- nutrient transfer

Question 8

How is the stratum basale able to make new cells?

Answer 8

• because it’s in contact with the vascular dermis

- nutrient transfer occurs via osmosis

Question 9

3 layers of skin

Answer 9

• epidermis
• dermis
• subcutaneous

Question 10

keratinized

Answer 10

• dead, can’t absorb anything

- can be COATED

Question 11

mucous membranes and keratinization

Answer 11

not keratinized, can absorb substances

Question 12

How do the shapes of epidermal cells change from layer to layer?

Answer 12

go from columnar to flat from stratum basale to stratum corneum

Question 13

shape of the interface between the dermis and epidermis

Answer 13

valleys and peaks

Question 14

Why are there valleys and peaks in the interface between the dermis and epidermis?

Answer 14

• increases surface area

- greater strength against friction and shear forces

Question 15

Why is greater surface area beneficial in the interface?

Answer 15

more opportunities for osmosis

Question 16

What would happen if there weren’t valleys and peaks in the interface between the dermis and epidermis with respect to shear and friction?

Answer 16

• blister formation

- skin sliding

Question 17

What happens to the interface between dermis/epidermis as you age?

Answer 17

• flattens out

- much easier to tear

Question 18

How many layers in the dermis?

Answer 18

2

Question 19

What are the 2 layers of the dermis?

Answer 19

• papillary

- reticular

Question 20

function of the papillary layer of the dermis

Answer 20

nourishes the epidermis

Question 21

function of the reticular layer of the dermis

Answer 21

binds everything above to the layer below

Question 22

What do the layers of the dermis contain for strength and elasticity?

Answer 22

• collagen

- elastin

Question 23

thickness of the dermis compared to epidermis

Answer 23

dermis is 20-30x thicker

Question 24

examples of epidermal appendages

Answer 24

• hair follicles
• sebaceous glands
• sweat glands

Question 25

function of epidermal appendages

Answer 25

keep skin oily to avoid cracking

Question 26

Where do smells come from?

Answer 26

sweat glands

Question 27

two types of sweat glands

Answer 27

- apocrine glands | - eccrine glands

Question 28

Which sweat glands make us stink?

Answer 28

apocrine

Question 29

What do eccrine glands secrete?

Answer 29

- water and salt | - odorless

Question 30

The majority of sweat glands are (apocrine/eccrine)

Answer 30

eccrine

Question 31

What do apocrine glands release?

Answer 31

- proteins - salt - water

Question 32

Why do apocrine glands cause odors?

Answer 32

bacteria interact with oils and proteins to create odor | odorless when it comes out initially

Question 33

location of apocrine sweat glands

Answer 33

- armpits - inguinal - perianal

Question 34

specialized apocrine glands

Answer 34

- eye (tears) - ears (wax) - mamillary glands (milk)

Question 35

What types of cells make up the epidermis?

Answer 35

stratified squamous epithelial cells

Question 36

What composes the subcutaneous layer?

Answer 36

mainly composed of adipocytes, vascularized

Question 37

What holds fat cells together?

Answer 37

fibrous septae: fibrous tissue laid down and can create dimples

Question 38

What is the primary difference between dermis and epidermis?

Answer 38

vascularity - epidermis is avascular - dermis is vascular