Exam 1 patient cases/treatment

Question 1

Sickle cell anemia

Answer 1

-chunks of spleen missing or absent spleen caused by lack of oxygen being transported to the cells
-treatment: hemoglobin F because it doesn’t sickle

Question 2

Treatment for severe allergic reactions and why

Answer 2

-epinephrine
-causes bronchodilation

Question 3

Osteoarthritis

Answer 3

-wart like bumps on hands and arms
-bumps aren’t warts, they’re actually sacs of synovial fluid due to joint inflammation

Question 4

Osteoporosis

Answer 4

-older woman presenting to the ER with a fracture, says she heard a pop and then fell down

Question 5

Lyme disease causing infectious arthritis

Answer 5

-bullseye rash, extreme fatigue, pain in knees when running, and nocturnal fevers

Question 6

Gonorrhea causing infectious arthritis

Answer 6

-similar symptoms to lyme disease
-cells were tested and diplococci was found to confirm that it was gonorrhea

Question 7

Acromegaly

Answer 7

woman’s feet that wouldn’t stop growing

Question 8

Heartburn

Answer 8

-patient under a lot of stress
-can cause esophagitis if left untreated
-Barrett’s esophagus changes in tissue type due to reflux

Question 9

Appendicitis

Answer 9

diaphoresis, right lower quadrant pain, rebound tenderness at the McBurney point

Question 10

Tracheoesophageal fistula

Answer 10

infant choking on milk because the liquid is going to the lungs instead of the stomach

Question 11

Colon cancer

Answer 11

apple core lesion around intestines, changes in bowel movements is the first sign

Question 12

Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 12

-polyuria (excessive urination)
-polydipsia (excessive thirst)
-polyphagia (excessive hunger)
-caused by dysfunctional tyrosine-kinase receptors so sugar is not being taken into cells
-hyposecretion (type 1) or hypoactivity (type 2)
-glycosuria: sugar in urine