Bones

Question 1

Osteocytes

Answer 1

maintains the matrix/bone tissue

Question 2

Osteoblasts

Answer 2

build the bone

Question 3

Osteoclast

Answer 3

-type of macrophage
-eat away at mineral deposits to provide calcium to the blood

Question 4

Compact bone

Answer 4

main unit is called osteons

Question 5

Epiphysis

Answer 5

end of bone

Question 6

Diaphysis

Answer 6

shaft of bone

Question 7

Canaliculi

Answer 7

canals through which osteocytes can communicate with other osteocytes on how to rebuild the bone based on pressure
-This is what is meant by maintaining the matrix

Question 8

*** Mesenchyme

Answer 8

Embryonic connective tissue

Question 9

Ossification

Answer 9

-intramembranous
-also called dermal ossification
-all roofing bones of the skull, clavicle, and mandible

Question 10

Endochondral

Answer 10

growth plates

Question 11

Zones of growth plates

Answer 11

1. Resting cartilage: anchors growth plate to bone
   ***2. proliferating cartilage: rapid cell division, stacked coins
2. Hypertrophic cartilage: cells enlarged
3. Calcified: mostly dead cells

Question 12

***Appositional growth

Answer 12

-bones can grow in thickness or diameter
-bones in non dominant hand will be smaller than the bones in the dominant hand

Question 13

Minerals that affect bone growth

Answer 13

*** Phosphorus makes bone matrix hard
Magnesium deficiency inhibits osteoblasts
Manganese deficiency inhibits formation of new bone tissue

Question 14

Hormones that affect bone growth

Answer 14

Human growth hormone is an insulin-like growth factor that stimulates amino acid uptake
Insulin and thyroid hormone support normal bone growth
Estrogen and testosterone increase osteogenesis at puberty

Question 15

*** Greenstick fracture

Answer 15

-incomplete bone break, one side breaks and the other side bends

Question 16

Steps in fracture repair

Answer 16

1. Formation of hematoma
2. Formation of fibrocartilaginous callus
3. Bone remodeling