exam 1: hypaxial Flashcards
epaxial muscles are related to
extension or flexion?
Extension
Hyaxial muscles are related to
extension or flexion?
Flexion
what muscle is being pointed to
Sternocephalicus m.
what muscle is this
what is 1 and 2
Sternocephalicus m.
1. occipital part
2. mastoid part
what muscle is this
Sternohyoideus m.
what is 1? what is 2
- Sternothyroideus m.
- Sternohyoideus m.
what muscle is being pointed to
Longus capitis m. (are bilateral)
what muscle is this
Longus colli m. (are bilateral)
what is 1
what is 2
Longus colli mm.
Longus capitis mm.
what is outlined in blue
Scalenus m.
(deep & superficial )
what is outlined in yellow
Rectus thoracis m.
what is the blue arrow pointing to
First costal cartilage
run from rib to rib and function to unite the ribs together
intercostal muscles
external intercostal mm
are they originted caudoventrally or cranioventrally
caudoventrally
internal intercostal mm
are they originted caudoventrally or cranioventrally
cranioventrally
what is being represented
(inspiration or expiration)
red: inspiration
green: expriation
what are the red arrows?
what are the blue arrows
red:External intercostal m.
blue: Internal intercostal m.
what is being pointed to
Transverse thoracis m.
what is being pointed to
Transverse thoracis m.
(Internal view of the floor of the thoracic cavity)
list 1-4 of the diaphragm
- Tendinous center
- Part lumbalis (left)
- Part costalis (left)
- Part sternalis
list 1-6 of the Diaphragm from the cranial view
- lumbar part (right crus)
- lumbar part (left crus)
- costal part (left)
- tendinous center
- sternal part
- costal part (right)
list 1-3 of the diaphragm
- Aortic hiatus
- Esophageal hiatus
- Cava foramen
T/F inspiration is an active process
true
what is the most important muscle for inspiratrion
diaphragm
Its contraction expand the thoracic cavity caudally, and push the abdominal
organs caudally
Diaphragm
list muscles 1-4
- Serratus dorsalis cranialis m.
- Scalenus m.
- Rectus thoracis m.
- External intercostal m.
what muscle is the black line through
Origin and insertion
External abdominal oblique m.
Originates from the lateral surfaces of ribs and thoracolumbar fascia
Inserts on the linea alba and prepubic tendon by a wide aponeurosis
list 1-3
aponeurosis
linea alba
prepubic tendon
what is blue pointing to
Umbilicus
what is 1?
2?
3?
- linea alba
- aponeurosis
- prepubic tendon
what is the line crossing through
list O and I
Internal abdominal oblique m.
❑ Arises from the thoracolumbar fascia, ventral iliac spines and inguinal
ligament
❑ Inserts on costal arch, rectus abdominis, linea alba and prepubic tendon by a wide aponeurosis
what are the yellow arrows pointing to
what is the origin/ insertion
Transversus abdominis m.
❑ Originates from the medial surfaces of the last 4-5 ribs and from the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae
❑ Inserts on linea alba
what is the red arrow pointing to
Rectus abdominis m.
**Courses between prepubic tendon and sternum and first few ribs
Rectus sheath
Formed by aponeuroses of: (3)
- External abdominal oblique m.
- Internal abdominal oblique m.
- Transversus abdominis m
Rectus sheath:
Layers of sheath vary depending on location (3)
❑ Cranial to umbilicus
❑ Caudal to umbilicus
❑ Cranial to pubis
what is circled in red
Inguinal canal
(Perforation in the abdominal wall in the region of the inguinal region (groin))
“Short fissure filled with connective
tissue between the abdominal muscles”
Inguinal canal
List the parts of the inguinal canal from top arrow to bottom
deep inguinal ring
inguinal canal
superficial inguinal ring
◼ Extends between superficial and deep
inguinal rings
◼ Passageway through the abdominal wall for several vessels and nerves
what is this
Inguinal canal
what is the red circle around
Superficial inguinal ring
Slit in the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique m.
what is being pointed to in blue? red?
blue: Vascular lacuna
—>Passageway for vessels
coursing to the pelvic limb
red: Inguinal ligament
