Exam 1 Chapters 19 & 17 Flashcards
Fibrinolysis
Process that dissolved blood clots to help maintain blood flow
A mother who is negative for Rh factor is pregnant with her first child who is Rh positive. Is this child at any risk for hemolytic disease of the newborn?
A very slight risk
Medication can reduce the risk of disease
Two parts of blood
Plasma
Formed elements
The most abundant proteins in blood
Albumins
Major role in stabilizing fluid volume by contributing to colloid osmotic pressure
Proteins involved in blood clotting
Fibrinogens
What does a hematocrit measure?
Percentage of formed elements in the blood
Safety measures the body has to prevent blood clotting in undamaged blood vessels
Basophils that release heparin
Keeping the clotting protein fibrin in a soluble form until activated
The use of proenzymes
Part of blood that forms a plug in damaged vessels to slow blood loss
Platelets
Difference between the pathways in the final phase of hemostasis
One starts in the blood and one starts outside the blood
Stages of hemostasis
Vascular spasm Platelet plug formation Coagulation (intrinsic/extrinsic pathways) Clot retraction Thrombolysis
Prothrombin and thrombin are
Proenzyme and enzyme
Factor that does not stimulate red blood cell production
Estrogen
Factors that stimulate red blood cell production
Erythropoietin
Growth hormone
Testosterone
Hemoglobin transports:
Oxygen well but CO2 poorly
The following are true of RBCs
Contain hemoglobin
Lack a nucleus
Are biconcave discs
Rarest white blood cell that releases histamine
Basophils
Formed elements
RBCs
WBCs
Platelets
Is blood cooler than body temperature?
No
pH if blood
7.35-7.45
Cells that engulf bacteria and are the most abundant leukocytes
Neutrophils
Part of the blood that forms a plug in damaged vessels to slow blood loss
Platelets
Why can’t NSAID’s like aspirin be taken before surgery?
There are anticoagulants that prevent platelet aggregation (clotting)
Patients would bleed out
Tissue plasminogen activator is a success story of recombinant SNA. It is a chemical released by damaged tissue and it helps to digest fibrin. This makes it an excellent treatment for:
Strokes caused by clots
Spasm, or contraction of the blood vessel is part of the
Vascular phase
What will happen if someone with type A+ blood is given a transfusion of type O- blood?
No cross reaction
Dehydration would increase:
The hematocrit
After a transfusion of “packed cells”, a patients hematocrit would:
Increase
Hemostasis is important to someone who is:
Bleeding
Characteristics of White blood cells
Generally larger
Can migrate out of the blood stream
Capable of moving on their own
Blood supply for cardiac muscles comes from:
Coronary circulation
How many chambers, atria and ventricles are there in the heart?
4 chambers
2 atria
2 ventricles
Muscular wall of the heart
Myocardium
Blood vessels that leave the heart are called:
Arteries
What do prepotential and spontaneous depolarization do for the heart?
Give the heart autorhythmicity
Unlike skeletal muscle cells, cardiac muscles cell action potential…
Has an extended time between depolarization and repolarization
True of coronary arteries:
Supply the heart itself with blood
Originate from the ascending aorta
Get blood due to the elastic rebound of the aorta
Primary method of filling the ventricles with blood is:
Passive
Which element is out of order?
Aorta—>systemic circuit—>inferiorvena cava—>left atrium
Left atrium
Where to the great vessels of the heart exit from the :
Base
Which vessels empty into the right atrium?
Superior/inferior vena cava
Coronary sinus
Correct order of the elements of conduction in the heart
SA nose—> AV nose—>bundle branches—>purkinje fibers
If gap junctions connect cardiac muscles cells, why are there two pacemaker nodes?
Because the cardiac skeleton isolates the atria from the ventricles
Increasing the heart rate shortens the length of time of:
The diastole more than the systole
Calcium ions for contraction come from:
both channels and the sarcoplasmic reticulum
What increases cardiac output?
Increased preload
Increased contractility
Release of epinephrine
Smaller ESV
In cardiac muscle cells, the channels responsible for the plateau are:
Slow calcium channels
Which valves found in the heart chambers supplies the systemic circuit?
Bicuspid aka mitral valve (LA to LV)
And
Aortic valve (semilunar valve)(LV to aorta)
What does the cardiac skeleton do?
Maintains the shape of the heart
Provides structure and support
Isolated the atria from the ventricles
Made of dense connective tissue (collagen)
What is true of the moderator band?
Found in the right atrium
Causes tensing of papillary muscles
Contributes to AV valve function
Is a trabeculae carneae
The systemic circuit carries:
Oxygenated blood
Increased blood returning to the right atrium:
Heart rate increases
Causes the atrial reflex
Increases sympathetic
