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A & P II > Exam 1 Chapters 19 & 17 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Chapters 19 & 17 Flashcards

1
Q

Fibrinolysis

A

Process that dissolved blood clots to help maintain blood flow

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2
Q

A mother who is negative for Rh factor is pregnant with her first child who is Rh positive. Is this child at any risk for hemolytic disease of the newborn?

A

A very slight risk

Medication can reduce the risk of disease

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3
Q

Two parts of blood

A

Plasma

Formed elements

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4
Q

The most abundant proteins in blood

A

Albumins

Major role in stabilizing fluid volume by contributing to colloid osmotic pressure

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5
Q

Proteins involved in blood clotting

A

Fibrinogens

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6
Q

What does a hematocrit measure?

A

Percentage of formed elements in the blood

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7
Q

Safety measures the body has to prevent blood clotting in undamaged blood vessels

A

Basophils that release heparin

Keeping the clotting protein fibrin in a soluble form until activated

The use of proenzymes

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8
Q

Part of blood that forms a plug in damaged vessels to slow blood loss

A

Platelets

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9
Q

Difference between the pathways in the final phase of hemostasis

A

One starts in the blood and one starts outside the blood

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10
Q

Stages of hemostasis

A 
Vascular spasm
Platelet plug formation
Coagulation (intrinsic/extrinsic pathways)
Clot retraction
Thrombolysis
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11
Q

Prothrombin and thrombin are

A

Proenzyme and enzyme

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12
Q

Factor that does not stimulate red blood cell production

A

Estrogen

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13
Q

Factors that stimulate red blood cell production

A

Erythropoietin
Growth hormone
Testosterone

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14
Q

Hemoglobin transports:

A

Oxygen well but CO2 poorly

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15
Q

The following are true of RBCs

A

Contain hemoglobin
Lack a nucleus
Are biconcave discs

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16
Q

Rarest white blood cell that releases histamine

A

Basophils

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17
Q

Formed elements

A

RBCs
WBCs
Platelets

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18
Q

Is blood cooler than body temperature?

A

No

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19
Q

pH if blood

A

7.35-7.45

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20
Q

Cells that engulf bacteria and are the most abundant leukocytes

A

Neutrophils

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21
Q

Part of the blood that forms a plug in damaged vessels to slow blood loss

A

Platelets

22
Q

Why can’t NSAID’s like aspirin be taken before surgery?

A

There are anticoagulants that prevent platelet aggregation (clotting)

Patients would bleed out

23
Q

Tissue plasminogen activator is a success story of recombinant SNA. It is a chemical released by damaged tissue and it helps to digest fibrin. This makes it an excellent treatment for:

A

Strokes caused by clots

24
Q

Spasm, or contraction of the blood vessel is part of the

A

Vascular phase

25
Q

What will happen if someone with type A+ blood is given a transfusion of type O- blood?

A

No cross reaction

26
Q

Dehydration would increase:

A

The hematocrit

27
Q

After a transfusion of “packed cells”, a patients hematocrit would:

A

Increase

28
Q

Hemostasis is important to someone who is:

A

Bleeding

29
Q

Characteristics of White blood cells

A

Generally larger
Can migrate out of the blood stream
Capable of moving on their own

30
Q

Blood supply for cardiac muscles comes from:

A

Coronary circulation

31
Q

How many chambers, atria and ventricles are there in the heart?

A

4 chambers
2 atria
2 ventricles

32
Q

Muscular wall of the heart

A

Myocardium

33
Q

Blood vessels that leave the heart are called:

A

Arteries

34
Q

What do prepotential and spontaneous depolarization do for the heart?

A

Give the heart autorhythmicity

35
Q

Unlike skeletal muscle cells, cardiac muscles cell action potential…

A

Has an extended time between depolarization and repolarization

36
Q

True of coronary arteries:

A

Supply the heart itself with blood
Originate from the ascending aorta
Get blood due to the elastic rebound of the aorta

37
Q

Primary method of filling the ventricles with blood is:

A

Passive

38
Q

Which element is out of order?

Aorta—>systemic circuit—>inferiorvena cava—>left atrium

A

Left atrium

39
Q

Where to the great vessels of the heart exit from the :

A

Base

40
Q

Which vessels empty into the right atrium?

A

Superior/inferior vena cava

Coronary sinus

41
Q

Correct order of the elements of conduction in the heart

A

SA nose—> AV nose—>bundle branches—>purkinje fibers

42
Q

If gap junctions connect cardiac muscles cells, why are there two pacemaker nodes?

A

Because the cardiac skeleton isolates the atria from the ventricles

43
Q

Increasing the heart rate shortens the length of time of:

A

The diastole more than the systole

44
Q

Calcium ions for contraction come from:

A

both channels and the sarcoplasmic reticulum

45
Q

What increases cardiac output?

A

Increased preload
Increased contractility
Release of epinephrine
Smaller ESV

46
Q

In cardiac muscle cells, the channels responsible for the plateau are:

A

Slow calcium channels

47
Q

Which valves found in the heart chambers supplies the systemic circuit?

A

Bicuspid aka mitral valve (LA to LV)
And
Aortic valve (semilunar valve)(LV to aorta)

48
Q

What does the cardiac skeleton do?

A

Maintains the shape of the heart
Provides structure and support
Isolated the atria from the ventricles
Made of dense connective tissue (collagen)

49
Q

What is true of the moderator band?

A

Found in the right atrium
Causes tensing of papillary muscles
Contributes to AV valve function
Is a trabeculae carneae

50
Q

The systemic circuit carries:

A

Oxygenated blood

51
Q

Increased blood returning to the right atrium:

A

Heart rate increases
Causes the atrial reflex
Increases sympathetic

A & P II (15 decks)

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