Exam 1 Chapters 19 & 17 Flashcards by Faye Sitron

Fibrinolysis

Process that dissolved blood clots to help maintain blood flow

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A mother who is negative for Rh factor is pregnant with her first child who is Rh positive. Is this child at any risk for hemolytic disease of the newborn?

A very slight risk

Medication can reduce the risk of disease

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Two parts of blood

Plasma

Formed elements

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The most abundant proteins in blood

Albumins

Major role in stabilizing fluid volume by contributing to colloid osmotic pressure

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Proteins involved in blood clotting

Fibrinogens

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What does a hematocrit measure?

Percentage of formed elements in the blood

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Safety measures the body has to prevent blood clotting in undamaged blood vessels

Basophils that release heparin

Keeping the clotting protein fibrin in a soluble form until activated

The use of proenzymes

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Part of blood that forms a plug in damaged vessels to slow blood loss

Platelets

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Difference between the pathways in the final phase of hemostasis

One starts in the blood and one starts outside the blood

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Stages of hemostasis

Vascular spasm
Platelet plug formation
Coagulation (intrinsic/extrinsic pathways)
Clot retraction
Thrombolysis

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Prothrombin and thrombin are

Proenzyme and enzyme

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Factor that does not stimulate red blood cell production

Estrogen

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Factors that stimulate red blood cell production

Erythropoietin
Growth hormone
Testosterone

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Hemoglobin transports:

Oxygen well but CO2 poorly

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The following are true of RBCs

Contain hemoglobin
Lack a nucleus
Are biconcave discs

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Rarest white blood cell that releases histamine

Basophils

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Formed elements

RBCs
WBCs
Platelets

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Is blood cooler than body temperature?

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pH if blood

7.35-7.45

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Cells that engulf bacteria and are the most abundant leukocytes

Neutrophils

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Part of the blood that forms a plug in damaged vessels to slow blood loss

Platelets

Why can’t NSAID’s like aspirin be taken before surgery?

There are anticoagulants that prevent platelet aggregation (clotting)

Patients would bleed out

Tissue plasminogen activator is a success story of recombinant SNA. It is a chemical released by damaged tissue and it helps to digest fibrin. This makes it an excellent treatment for:

Strokes caused by clots

Spasm, or contraction of the blood vessel is part of the

Vascular phase

What will happen if someone with type A+ blood is given a transfusion of type O- blood?

No cross reaction

Dehydration would increase:

The hematocrit

After a transfusion of “packed cells”, a patients hematocrit would:

Increase

Hemostasis is important to someone who is:

Bleeding

Characteristics of White blood cells

Generally larger Can migrate out of the blood stream Capable of moving on their own

Blood supply for cardiac muscles comes from:

Coronary circulation

How many chambers, atria and ventricles are there in the heart?

4 chambers 2 atria 2 ventricles

Muscular wall of the heart

Myocardium

Blood vessels that leave the heart are called:

Arteries

What do prepotential and spontaneous depolarization do for the heart?

Give the heart autorhythmicity

Unlike skeletal muscle cells, cardiac muscles cell action potential...

Has an extended time between depolarization and repolarization

True of coronary arteries:

Supply the heart itself with blood Originate from the ascending aorta Get blood due to the elastic rebound of the aorta

Primary method of filling the ventricles with blood is:

Passive

Which element is out of order? Aorta—>systemic circuit—>inferiorvena cava—>left atrium

Left atrium

Where to the great vessels of the heart exit from the :

Base

Which vessels empty into the right atrium?

Superior/inferior vena cava | Coronary sinus

Correct order of the elements of conduction in the heart

SA nose—> AV nose—>bundle branches—>purkinje fibers

If gap junctions connect cardiac muscles cells, why are there two pacemaker nodes?

Because the cardiac skeleton isolates the atria from the ventricles

Increasing the heart rate shortens the length of time of:

The diastole more than the systole

Calcium ions for contraction come from:

both channels and the sarcoplasmic reticulum

What increases cardiac output?

Increased preload Increased contractility Release of epinephrine Smaller ESV

In cardiac muscle cells, the channels responsible for the plateau are:

Slow calcium channels

Which valves found in the heart chambers supplies the systemic circuit?

Bicuspid aka mitral valve (LA to LV) And Aortic valve (semilunar valve)(LV to aorta)

What does the cardiac skeleton do?

Maintains the shape of the heart Provides structure and support Isolated the atria from the ventricles Made of dense connective tissue (collagen)

What is true of the moderator band?

Found in the right atrium Causes tensing of papillary muscles Contributes to AV valve function Is a trabeculae carneae

The systemic circuit carries:

Oxygenated blood

Increased blood returning to the right atrium:

Heart rate increases Causes the atrial reflex Increases sympathetic