Chapter 25- Fluid, Electrolyte And Acid-base Homeostasis

Question 1

What are the two main compartments of fluid in the body?

Answer 1

Intraular compartment

Extra cellular compartment

Question 2

What are the body’s water-based liquids?

Answer 2

Blood plasma
Interstitial fluid
Cytosol
Cerebrospinal fluid
Lymph
Exocrine secretions

Question 3

What are the major subdivisions of ECF?

Answer 3

Interstitial fluid of peripheral tissues

Plasma of circulating blood

Question 4

What are the minor subdivisions of ECF?

Answer 4

Lymph
CSF
Synovial fluid
Serious fluid
Aqueous humor

Question 5

What are some factors that impact fluid balance?

Answer 5

Amount of water ingested
Amount of physical activity
Kidney function
Medications
Digestive activities

Question 6

What are electrolytes?

Answer 6

Substances that dissociate into ions or charged particles

In water can conduct electricity

Question 7

What are non-electrolytes?

Answer 7

Substances that have covalent bonds

Do not dissociate into charged particles

Question 8

What is acid? What are some common asses in the body?

Answer 8

Chemical that dissociates in water and releases hydrogen ions

Hydrochloric acid in the stomach and carbonic acid in the blood

Question 9

What are bases? What is the most common base in the body?

Answer 9

Chemicals that except hydrogen ions in a solution

Bicarbonate I am

Question 10

What is total body water?

Answer 10

Reference volume that uses a standard man of 70 kg were the amount of water in the body is about 60% of the total body weight

Question 11

What is hydrostatic pressure gradient?

Answer 11

Force that fluid exerts on cells. Tends to push water away from the area of higher hydrostatic pressure to one with lower hydrostatic pressure

Question 12

What is osmotic pressure gradient?

Answer 12

Force of solutes in solution. Tends to pull water toward a solution with a higher osmotic pressure by osmosis.

Question 13

What is hypernatremia?

Answer 13

Elevated sodium ion concentration

Commonly caused by dehydration

Question 14

What is hyponatremia?

Answer 14

Decreases sodium ion concentration

Commonly caused by overhydration

Question 15

What is normal blood pH?

Answer 15

7.35-7.45

Question 16

What are the primary hormones regulating fluid level in the body?

Answer 16

Aldosterone
ADH
Natriuretic peptides

Question 17

What happens to urine and blood pressure when fluid is reabsorbed from the filtrate?

Answer 17

You’re in becomes more concentrated and blood pressure goes up

Question 18

What is the primary positively charged ion inside the cell?

Answer 18

Potassium

Most abundant in ICF

Question 19

What ion is found mostly outside the cell?

Answer 19

Sodium

Most abundant in the ECF

Question 20

Which systems does the body use to maintain electrolyte balance?

Answer 20

Digestive
Urinary
Integumentary

Question 21

Is there a difference in osmotic concentration of the ICF and ECF?

Answer 21

No they are equal

Question 22

What are the basic effects of ADH on fluid and electrolyte balance?

Answer 22

Reduces sodium concentration by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys, diluting body fluids and increasing blood pressure

Question 23

What are the basic effects of aldosterone on fluid and electrolyte balance?

Answer 23

Responds to falling sodium levels and causes kidneys to conserve salt, increasing water retention.

Question 24

What are natriuretic peptides basic effects on fluid and electrolyte balance?

Answer 24

Reduces thirst, blocks the release of ADH and aldosterone, causes diuresis and lowers blood pressure and plasma volume

Question 25

Where are osmoreceptors located in The Body?

Answer 25

Hypothalamus

Question 26

What do buffers do?

Answer 26

They act to control acidity levels by neutralizing small amounts of acids and bases. They resist large swings in acidity levels

Question 27

What happens if blood pH drops or rice is too far from normal level?

Answer 27

Cell damage may occur. Acidosis and alkalosis

Question 28

Which is more common, acidosis or alkalosis?

Answer 28

Acidosis

Question 29

What are the three chemical buffer systems in the body and which is more important to the ECF?

Answer 29

Carbonic acid bicarbonate buffer system
Phosphate buffer system
Protein buffer system

Bicarbonate buffer system is most important

Question 30

What are the lungs influence on body fluid pH?

Answer 30

Controls the amount of volatile acids in ECF. Controls CO2 levels in blood and amount of carbonic acid and hydrogen ions

Question 31

How do the kidneys influence body fluid pH?

Answer 31

Kidneys excrete fixed acid and controlled bicarbonate ion concentrations. They can make new bicarbonate ions if the blood becomes acidic and illuminate them when it becomes too basic

Question 32

What is respiratory acidosis?

Answer 32

A decrease in pH of fluids due to excess CO2. Happens when ventilation decreases.

Question 33

What is metabolic acidosis?

Answer 33

Occurs due to the production of large amounts of fixed organic acids, impaired hydrogen ion excretion of kidneys or severe loss of bicarbonate ions

Question 34

What is respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 34

Elevated pH usually caused by a loss of CO2 during hyperventilation

Question 35

What is metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 35

A loss of hydrogen ions or excess bicarbonate ions due to prolonged vomiting or overuse of oral antacids

Question 36

Where can most fluid outside the cells be found?

Answer 36

Blood and interstitial fluid

Question 37

What hormones increase blood volume and pressure?

Answer 37

ADH and aldosterone