Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A & P II > Chapter 23- Metabolism > Flashcards

Chapter 23- Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

What is a calorie?

A

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is metabolism?

A

The sum of the bodies chemical reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is catabolism? What are 3 nutrients that are catabolized to generate ATP?

A

A series of reactions in which one substance is broken down into smaller parts

Releases energy to be used for other processes

Glucose
Fatty acids
Amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is anabolism? What are some of the larger macromolecules?

A

Series of reactions in which smaller molecules are combined to make larger molecules such as:

Proteins
Nucleic acids
Lipids
Carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is anaerobic catabolism? Where does it occur?

A

Process that releases only a low amount of ATP

Occurs in cytosol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is aerobic catabolism?

A

Process that releases a large amount of APT

occurs in the mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is glycolysis?

A

Break down of glucose to pyruvic acid

Occurs in cytosol
No O2 required
Nets 2 ATP, pyruvate and Acetyl-CoA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is gluconeogenesis?

A

Synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors such as amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is glyconeogenesis?

A

Formation of glycogen from glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is glycogenolysis?

A

Break down of glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is lipolysis?

A

An enzyme cataloged process that liberates fatty acids and glycerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is ketogenesis?

A

A process that occurs primarily in liver cells in the mitochondrial matrix In which ketone bodies are produced through the breakdown of amino acids and fatty acids

This supplies energy during times of caloric restriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are ketone bodies?

A

Molecules produced by the liver from fatty acids during periods of low food intake or starvation When glucose is in short supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What organ cannot metabolize ketone bodies? Which organs can?

A

The liver cannot metabolize them

Skeletal muscle the brain and the heart can metabolize them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the absorptive state?

A

Time immediately following a meal when the body is absorbing nutrients

Oxidation of nutrients occurs to provide the cells with fuel, glucose and triglycerides are stored

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the post absorptive state

A

Period in which no nutrient absorption is occurring. Body relies on stored nutrients

17
Q

What is the dominant hormone in the absorptive state?

A

Insulin

18
Q

What are the dominant or major hormones in the post absorptive state?

A

Glucagon and glucocorticoids

19
Q

How are lipids transported and distributed in the body?

A

They are packaged with cholesterol into Lipoproteins. Lipoproteins provide transportation in the bloodstream

20
Q

What are the five classes of Lipoproteins?

A 
Chylomicron
Very low density lipoprotein
Intermediate density lipoprotein
Low density lipoprotein
High density lipoprotein
21
Q

How does the body produce energy when glucose and lipid reserves are in adequate?

A

Liver cells break down internal proteins and absorb additional amino acids from the blood. Amino acids are deaminated

22
Q

What is deamination?

A

Removing an amino group and breaking down the carbon chain to provide ATP. Removes the amino group and hydrogen atom and generates an ammonium ion

23
Q

What is Transamination?

A

Transfer of an amino group from one molecule to another.

24
Q

What happens to ammonium generated from deamination?

A

Extra ammonium is synthesized into urea by enzymes in the liver and is then excreted in the urine

25
Q

How is heat produced and eliminated from the body?

A

The body produces heat as a byproduct of metabolism. It is retained by water in the body and then released through radiation, convection, evaporation or conduction

26
Q

How are heat loss and heat gain regulated?

A

Regulated by negative feedback loops in response to the increase or decrease in temperature from normal range.

Sweating/shivering

27
Q

Where is the heat center?

A

Hypothalamus

28
Q

What is the difference between thermal regulation of infants and adults?

A

Infants have a larger surface area and lose heat rapidly. They are much less adaptable to temperature changes than adults

29
Q

Where does the citric acid cycle occur? What are its reactants and products?

A

Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. Starts with acetyl CoA produced by the oxidation of pyruvate and ends with NADH, FADH2, carbon dioxide and 2 ATP

30
Q

Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur? What are its reactants and products?

A

Occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Forms ATP as electrons are transferred from reduced NADH and FADAH2 to oxygen by the ETC

31
Q

Where does the electron transport chain occur what are its reactants and products?

A

Occurs in the mitochondrial membrane. Starts with oxygen and ends with water molecules and ATP

A & P II (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions