Chapter 17- The Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What does the cardiovascular system consist of?
The heart
Blood vessels
Blood
The heart pumps blood into the blood vessels
What is the apex of the heart?
Bottom cone-shape part of the heart that points toward the left hip
What is the base of the heart?
The flattened, posterior side of the heart. All of the major vessels of the heart exit from here
What are the four chambers of the heart?
Right and left atrium
Right and left ventricle
Veins
Vessels which bring blood back to the heart
Arteries
Cells which carry blood from the ventricles away from the heart
Why is the right side of the heart sometimes called the pulmonary pump?
Because it pumps blood through the pulmonary arteries out to the pulmonary capillaries in the lungs
Where does gas exchange take place in the lungs?
Alveoli and pulmonary capillaries
Why is the left side of the heart often called the systemic pump?
It pumps oxygenated blood throughout the rest of the trunk and extremities
Which circuit in the heart operates at lower pressure? Why?
Pulmonary
Only has to pump to the lungs
Which circuit in the heart operates at higher pressure? Why?
Systemic
Has to pump blood to the entire body
What hormone is produced by the heart? How does it lower BP?
Atrial natriuretic peptide
Lowers the amount of sodium in the kidneys to less water is retained
Electrolyte homeostasis
What is the pericardium?
Membranous structure surrounding the heart composed of the : fibrous (thicker) and serous (thinner) pericardium
Visceral pericardium
Aka epicardium
Most superficial layer of the heart wall
Myocardium
Deep to the visceral pericardium
2 components: cardiac muscle tissue and the fibrous skeleton made of dense irregular collagen
Functions of fibrous skeleton
Gives the cardiac muscle cells something to hold on to
Provide structural support
Acts as an insulator for the hearts electrical activity
Endocardium
Deepest layer of the heart wall, lines the lumen of the heart
Composed of endothelium
What are the great vessels?
Superior/inferior vena cava
Pulmonary trunk
Aorta
Two veins that drain most of the systemic circuit into the right atrium
Superior/inferior vena cava
Pulmonary trunk
Receives deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle
Splits into the right/left pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary veins
2 from each lung
Drain oxygenated blood into the left atrium
Aorta
Supplies the entire systemic circuit with oxygenated blood
Receives blood ejected by the left ventricle
What is the function of the auricles?
They expand to give the atria more room to hold blood
What separates the two atria?
Interatrial septum