Exam 1 - ch 3

Question 1

Describe the stages of skill development in nutrition counseling

Answer 1

1. motivation - have desire to learn
2. learning - acquire knowledge, skills, and attitude
3. awkwardness - expect it, role play various situations
4. conscious awareness - as you gain skill, you will still be consciously aware of the process
5. automatic response - little or no forethought or discomfort
6. proficiency - can perform and modify the skills with a variety of health conditions, in a variety of settings

Question 2

Describe some challenges a novice counselor might have.

Answer 2

Limit discussing yourself
Only ask questions when:
- you need the answer to clarify,
- gain understanding,
- need the data to use in your session/note

Avoid lulls and silences unless necessary

Question 3

Define empathy

Answer 3

the ability to understand and share the feelings of another.

Question 4

list all 16 of the counseling responses

Answer 4

1. Attending
2. Reflection
3. Legitimation
4. Respect
5. Personal support
6. Partnership
7. Mirroring
8. Paraphrasing
9. Giving feedback
10. Questioning
11. Clarifying
12. Noting a discrepancy
13. Directing
14. Advise
15. Allowing silence
16. Self-referent

Question 5

define synchrony

Answer 5

mirroring and matching the clients body language

Question 6

List several unproductive non-verbal behaviors

Answer 6

• Toe tapping, swinging your feet
• Pencil tapping, twirling
• Yawning
• Looking at your watch or clock, shoes, papers on your desk, or anything in the room excessively
• Slouching
• Playing with your hair

Question 7

List the 4 steps of reflecting (empathizing)

Answer 7

1. Correctly Identify the feelings being expressed
2. Reflect the feeling you have identified to the client
3. Match the intensity of your response to the level of feeling expressed by the client
4. Respond to the feelings of your client, not to the feelings of others (spouse, family members)

Question 8

What is something good for you as a counselor to know when working with a client?

Answer 8

the circumstances that brought a client to you

Question 9

List and describe the 4 communication roadblocks, be able to describe how the roadblocks interfere with self- exploration

Answer 9

1. disagreeing
2. warning
3. agreeing; giving advice
4. reassuring; making suggestions

Question 10

Attending (active listening)

Answer 10

• Giving undivided attention
• Listening for verbal messages
• Observing nonverbal behavior
• Focus is on what you see and hear

Question 11

Legitimation (affirmation, normalization)

Answer 11

Communicates the acceptance and validation of the client’s emotional experience

Question 12

Respect

Answer 12

Appreciation for the worth of the client

Question 13

Personal support

Answer 13

• Lets them know strategies are available
• You are there to help them implement those strategies
• You want to help

Question 14

Partnership

Answer 14

• Establish collaborative relationship
• Let them know you are going to work together to find solutions

Question 15

Mirroring (parroting, echoing)

Answer 15

• Repeat back exactly what the client said with few words changed
• Lets them know you are listening
• Encourages them to keep talking and exploring

Question 16

Paraphrasing (summarizing)

Answer 16

• Rephrasing what the client said and meant
• Can aid in clarifying concerns to you and themselves

Question 17

Giving feedback (immediacy)

Answer 17

• Telling clients what you have directly observed about their verbal and nonverbal behavior
• It invites them to examine the implications and increases self-awareness
• Be positive and specific
• Note the behavior(s)
• Do not put the client on the defensive

Question 18

Questioning

Answer 18

• Gathers information, encourages exploration, and change the direction of a discussion
• Ask appropriate questions and time them well
• Open ended – allows them to elaborate on ideas vs. closed ended questions
• Start with “what or how”
• Funneling questions – start out with broad topic and narrow down to specifics

Question 19

Clarifying (probing, promting)

Answer 19

Encourages clients to continue talking about their concerns in order to be clear about feelings and experiences

Question 20

Noting a discrepancy (confrontation, challenging)

Answer 20

• Observed discrepancies between two different statements they said OR
• Stated feelings and the way most others would feel
• NEVER criticize or attack
• Should come across as caring and non-judgmental

Question 21

Directing (instructions)

Answer 21

• Telling the client exactly what needs to be done
• Normally education portion of the session
• Clear and concise statements
• Determine if they understand
• Sometimes helpful to have them repeat back

Question 22

Advise

Answer 22

• Providing possible solutions for problems
• To be effective should: Be given in a nonjudgmental manner, Identify the problem, Explain the need to change, Advocate an explicit plan of action, End with an open-ended question to elicit a response
• Only given when: Have clear understanding of the problem, Previous attempts to deal with the problem have been investigated, You have a definite idea(s) for solution

Question 23

Allowing silence

Answer 23

• Gives space for internal reflection and self-analysis
• After an emotional outburst, given the results of an evaluation, during instructions of a complex regimen
• Break the silence by repeating the last sentence or phrase spoken by your client, or asking them what they thought during the silence