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Anatomy and Physiology II LECTURE > Exam #1 > Flashcards

Exam #1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the heart valves? A. Maintain Blood pressure B. Reduce friction C. Keep blood flow unidirectional D. Receive oxygenated blood from lungs

A

C

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2
Q

Which valve is located between the right ventricle and the aorta? A. The mitral valve B. The pulmonary semilunar valve C. The tricuspid D. There is no valve in that location

A

D

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3
Q

At what point during the cardiac cycle do the AV valves go from open to closed? A. Isovolumetric contraction B. Early diastole C. Ventricular ejection D. Mid-late diastole

A

A

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4
Q

How many times during one cardiac cycle are all four valves closed at the same time? A. Never B. Once C. Twice D. Four times

A

C

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5
Q

When during the cardiac cycle is the pressure in the atria higher than the pressure in the ventricles? A. Diasole B. Isovolumetric contraction C. ventricular ejection D. Never

A

A

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6
Q

In non-pacemaker cardiac muscle cells, opening Ca2+ channels is needed for: A. Repolarization B. Contraction C. Maintaining depolarization D. None of the above

A

got it wrong

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7
Q

Blockage of the coronary arteries can lead to A. Cardiac tamponade B. Myocardial infarctions C. Hypovolemic shock D. Cor pulmonale

A

B. Myocardial infarctions

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8
Q

An incompetent mitral valve would cause A. oxygenated blood to enter the left atrium B. Blood to flow from the L ventricle into the right atrium C. Increased cardiac output D. Blood to flow from the aorta into the left ventricle

A

B

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9
Q

Veins are attached to which heart chambers? A. The atria only B. the ventricles only C. Both the atria and the ventricles D. There are no veins attached to the heart

A

A

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10
Q

Which two words mean the same structure? A. Endocardium and epicardium B. Fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium C. Visceral pericardium and the epicardium D. Myocardium and tunica media

A

C

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11
Q

This is a graph of the electrophysiology of what kind of cell? A. Pacemaker B. cardiac muscle C. Skeletal muscle D. Neuron

A

A

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12
Q

What should the voltage be at the *E* on the graph? A. -90mV B. -40mV C. 0 mV D. +30mV

A

-40mV

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13
Q

Which ion channels opened to cause the line on the graph indicated by *A* A. Voltage gated slow Na+ channels B. Voltage gated slow CA2+ channels C. Voltage gates fast na+ channels D. Voltage gated fast Ca2+ channels

A

A

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14
Q

Choose the best description of an arrhythmia A. No electrical signal coming from heart B. uncoordinated atrial and ventricular contractions C. Rapid and irregular contraction of cardiac muscle D. Temporary loss of blood flow to the heart

A

C

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15
Q

What contracts during diastole? A. Nothing B. the atrioventricular valves C. The semilunar valves D. The ventricles

A

got it wrong

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16
Q

The plateau phase of an action potential in cardiac muscle cells is due to the A. influx of sodium through fast sodium channels B. influx of calcium through slow calcium channels C. the efflux of calcium through fast calcium channels D. efflux of potassium through potassium channels

A

B

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17
Q

Isovolumetric contraction_______ A. refers to short period during ventricular systole when the ventricles are completely closed chambers. B. occurs while the AV valves are open C. Occurs immediately after the aortic and pulmonary SL valves close

A

A

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18
Q

During the period of ventricular filling, A. pressure in the heart is at its peak B. blood flows mostly passively from the atria through the AV valves into the ventricles

A

B

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19
Q

Compared to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle A. has more nuclei per cell B. lacks striations C. has gap junctions that allow it to act as a functional sanctum D. cells are larger than skeletal muscle cells

A

C

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20
Q

What is true about pacemaker cells? A. They are responsible for depolarization B. They are responsible for contraction C. They need nervous system stimulation D. A and B E. A and C

A

A and B

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21
Q

Which of the following receive blood during ventricular systole A. aorta only B. pulmonary arteries only C. pulmonary veins only D. Both the aorta and pulmonary trunk

A

D

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22
Q

The foramen ovale.. A. connected to the two atria in fetal heart B. is a condition in which the heart valves do not completely close C. is a shallow depression in the inter ventricular septum D. is a connection between the pulmonary trunk and the aorta in the fetus

A

A

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23
Q

The parietal pericardium A. lines the internal surface of the fibrous pericardium B. is also called the epicardium C. is separated from the fibrous pericardium by serous fluid D. is found within the pericardial cavity

A

A

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24
Q

The parasympathetic signal ________ heart rate A. accelerate B. decelerate C. maintain constant D. does not affect

A

B. decelerate

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25
Q

Which formed element is responsible for transporting respiratory gases? A. Leukocyte B. erythrocyte C. Platelet D. All of the above

A

B

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26
Q

Individuals suffering from pernicious anemia are likely to have A. too many RBC B. RBC’s that are not round C. macrocytes D. Microcytes

A

C

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27
Q

Where is EPO made? A. erythrocytes B. vascular smooth muscle C. Brain D. kidney

A

D

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28
Q

Which of the following would be the best treatment for pernicious anemia? A. EPO B. B12 C. climbing a mountain D. iron supplements

A

B

29
Q

Platelets are primarily responsible for A. Hemostasis B. erythropoiesis C. protection D. Transport of respiratory gases

A

A

30
Q

Choose the best definition of a thrombus A. A blood clot that has landed in a new organ B. A moving blood clot C. a stationary blood clot D. A dissolved blood clot

A

C

31
Q

Stomach ulcers can lead to which type of anemia? A. sickle cell B. hemorrhagic C. Aplastic D. hemolytic

A

B

32
Q

How many hemoglobin molecules does one RBC contain? A. 1 B. 4 C. 250 million D. 1 billion

A

B

33
Q

Athletes train at high altitudes in order to A. Prevent blood clotting B. stimulate RBC production C. stimulate WBC production D. Prevent release of EPO

A

B

34
Q

How many polypeptide chains make up molecule of hemoglobin? A. 1 B. 4 C. 250 million D. 1 billion

A

B. 4

35
Q

Leukocytes displaying red cytoplasmic granules when treated with wrights stain are most likely A. basophils B. erythrocytes C. monocytes D. eosinophils

A

D

36
Q

the life span of erythrocytes is approximately A. 5-8 days B. 10-15 days C. 100-120 days D. 5 years

A

c

37
Q

Which of the following formed elements give rise to the antibodies? A. leukocytes B. neutrophils C. T-lymphocytes D. B-lymphocytes

A

D. B-lymphocytes

38
Q

After spinning whole blood in a centrifuge, in which layer would you expect to find hormones? A. Top B. Middle C. Bottom D. none of the above

A

A

39
Q

The action potential of contractile cardiac muscle cells is caused by A. influx of sodium through fast sodium channels B. influx of calcium through slow calcium channels C. efflux of calcium through fast calcium channels D. efflux of potassium through potassium channels

A

A

40
Q

Blood reticulocyte counts provide information regarding A. rate of RBC formation B. rate of platelet formation C. rate of WBC formation D. clotting ability of blood

A

A

41
Q

T or F, the myocardium is the layer of the heart that actually contracts

A

T

42
Q

T or F, the pericardial cavity is typically filled with blood

A

F, serous fluid

43
Q

T or F, cardiac muscle cells have more mitochondria than skeletal muscle cells

A

T

44
Q

T or F, Mature RBC’s lack a nucleus

A

T

45
Q

T or F, blood is slightly acidic

A

F, slightly basic (7.35-7.45)

46
Q

T or F, globulin is the most abundant plasma protein

A

False

47
Q

T or F, approximately 20% of carbon dioxide carried in the blood is bound to amino acids on the globins, forming carbaminohemoglobin

A

T

48
Q

T or F, chemotaxis is the process by which red blood cells move into tissue spaces from the interior of blood capillaries

A

F

49
Q

Stercobilin is a pigment produced by the catabolism of the heme group

A

T

50
Q

T or F platelet plug formation is the first step during hemostasis

A

F

51
Q

Infectious mononucleosis is a disease characterized by excessive numbers of granulocytes

A

F

52
Q

Isovolumetric relaxation occurs in early diastole

A

didn’t put answer…don’t remember

53
Q

The highest blood pressure occurs during the ventricular ejection phase

A

T

54
Q

Lymphocytes account for 50-70% of the white blood cells

A

F, neutrophils

55
Q

The heart is located in the pleural cavity

A

F

56
Q

When the atria contract, which of the following is true? A. the semilunar valves are open B. the ventricles are in diastole C. The AV valves are closed D. the atria are in diastole

A

B

57
Q

SAQ: list the three vessels that bring oxygen-poor blood to the right atrium

A
  1. superior vena cava 2. inferior VC 3. coronary sinus
58
Q

SAQ: Why are intercalated discs of cardiac muscle cells important?

A

Intercalated discs, when in contact with gap junctions, allows the cardiac muscles to contract together as a single unit….he wrote more of the answer but I can’t read his handwriting. 2/4 points

59
Q

Know how to trace the pathway of all the circulations in the heart complete with labeling all the valves and chambers. Know the directional flow of the blood.

A

9/9 points

60
Q

What is the difference between the auricles and the atria?

A

The atria are filling chambers while the auricles are on top of the atria to help the atria receive more more blood. I can’t read what he wrote for the rest of the answer. 3/4 points

61
Q

Centrifuged blood: 60% is the top layer, 39% is the bottom layer, 1% is the middle layer. A. Name one cell that should be present in the middle layer of whole blood that has been centrifuged B. What is the patients hematocrit? C. Does this patient have a blood disorder? what is it?

A

A. leukocytes: neutrophils B. 39% C. anemia 3/3 points

62
Q

What is the buddy coat found in centrifuged blood?

A

The leukocytes and platelets 2/2 points

63
Q

Explain why blood is classified as connective tissue

A

Because it is made of non living matrix called plasma. Can’t read his handwriting. 2/4 points

64
Q

Why is iron not stored or transported in its free form? in what forms is it stored or transported in blood?

A

It is toxic. It is bound to the hemoglobin

65
Q

List the common causes of bleeding disorders (3 pts)

A

1.hereditary= hemoglobin 2. - 3. -

66
Q

List three main functions of blood and give an example of each function

A

transport: transports resp. gases regulate: blood temperature protect: contains leukocytes 6/6 points

67
Q

Why is human blood red? Based on the video in class, which animals have a different blood color?

A

Heme makes it red. Mollusks have blue blood.

68
Q

Know sickle cell anemia and its evolutionary connection

A

:)

Anatomy and Physiology II LECTURE (18 decks)

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