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Anatomy and Physiology II LECTURE > Ch.20 Lymphatic > Flashcards

Ch.20 Lymphatic Flashcards

1
Q

What does the lymphatic system do?

A

Returns fluids leaked from blood vessels back to blood; consists of three parts.

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2
Q

What are the three main parts of the lymphatic system?

A

Network of lymphatic vessels called lymphatic’s, Lymph (fluid in vessels), and lymph nodes (cleanse lymph)

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3
Q

Lymphoid organs and tissues provide the structural basis of the immune system by housing ________ cells and _______

A

Phagocytic cells and lymphocytes

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4
Q

_____ _____ and ______ provide the structural basis of the immune system by housing phagocytic cells and lymphocytes

A

Lymphoid organs and tissues

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5
Q

The _____ ______ returns interstitial fluid and leaked plasma proteins back into the blood.

A

Lymphatic system

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6
Q

______ ______: elaborate network of drainage vessels

A

Lymphatic vessels

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7
Q

Once ______ fluid enters lymphatics, it is called lymph

A

interstitial fluid

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8
Q

When interstitial fluid enters the lymphatics, what does it become?

A

Lymph

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9
Q

Are lymphatic vessels a one or two way system? Why?

A

One way; ensuring lymph flows only towards the heart

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10
Q

What are lymphatic capillaries?

A

Blind-ended vessels that weave between tissue cells and blood capillaries

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11
Q

Lymphatic capillaries are absent where in the body?

A

Bones, teeth, bone marrow, and the CNS

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12
Q

Are lymphatic capillaries in the CNS? Why or why not?

A

No; CNS uses CSF for drainage

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13
Q

What can lymphatic capillaries do that blood capillaries cannot?

A

take up and transport larger molecules and particles that blood capillaries cannot

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14
Q

What are some examples of the larger molecules and particles that lymphatic capillaries can pick up and blood capillaries cannot?

A

Proteins, cell debris, pathogens, and cancer cells

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15
Q

What is the negative side to lymphatic capillaries being able to pick up larger molecules than blood caps?

A

They include pathogens and cancer cells, which then travel up throughout the body

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16
Q

Lymphatic capillaries are blind-ended tubes in which adjacent _________ cells overlap each other, forming flap like mini-valves

A

Endothelial

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17
Q

________ are specialized lymph capillaries present in intestinal mucosa

A

Lacteals

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18
Q

What do lacteals do?

A

Absorb digested fat and deliver fatty lymh to the blood

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19
Q

What is fatty lymph called?

A

Chyle

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20
Q

What is chyle?

A

Fatty lymph that has been fat absorbed by lacteals

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21
Q

Lymph capillaries drain into increasingly larger vessels called ________ lymphatic vessels

A

collecting

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22
Q

What are collecting lymphatic vessels?

A

Larger vessels that lymph capillaries drain into.

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23
Q

What in the lymphatic system has similar structures and tunics to veins?

A

Larger lymphatic vessels

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24
Q

Larger lymphatic vessels have similar structures and tunics to veins, except?

A

Lymphatic V’s have more internal valves and thinner walls, and anastomose more frequently

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25
_____ vessels in the skin travel with superficial veins but deep vessels travel with the arteries
Collecting
26
Larger lymphatic vessels consist of ______ vessels, ______, and ______
Collecting, trunks, and ducts
27
Lymphatic ______, which are formed by union of largest collecting vessels, drain large areas of the body
trunks
28
Lymph is delivered from trunks into one of two large lymphatic _____
ducts
29
The _____ lymphatic duct trains right upper arm and right side of head and thorax
right
30
The ______ duct drains the rest of the body
Thoracic
31
In about half of individuals, the ____ _____ starts out as an enlarged sac called the cisterna chyli
thoracic duct
32
In about half of individuals, what does the thoracic duct start out as?
a small sac: Cisterna chyli
33
________ is a condition in which lymphatic vessels appear as painful red lines under the skin
lymphangitis
34
What is lymphangitis caused by?
Inflammation of larger lymphatic vessels that contain vaso vasora
35
Is the lymph system a low-pressure system like the venous system or high pressure like the arterial system?
low-pressure
36
Lymph is propelled by the milking action of the _______ _____
skeletal muscle
37
Lymph is propelled by pressure changes in the______ during breathing
thorax
38
Lymph is propelled by ______ to prevent backflow
valves
39
Lymph is propelled by the ______ of nearby arteries
pulsations
40
Lymph is propelled by contractions of ________ muscle in the walls of lymphatics
smooth
41
Physical activity increases or decreases the flow of lymph?
increases
42
Lymphedema?
Sever localized edema (elephant leg)
43
What causes lymphedema?
It is caused by anything that prevents normal return of lymph to blood
44
What are some examples of what can cause lymphedema?
Tumors blocking the lymphatics or the removal of lymphatics during cancer surgery
45
_______ cells consist of immune system cells found in lymphoid tissue and supporting cells that form lymphoid tissue structures
Lymphoid
46
Which two immune system cells protect against antigens?
T and B cells
47
Which cell attacks and destroys infected cells, T or B?
T cells
48
What are the two main cells that lymphocytes mature into?
T cells and B cells
49
__ cells produce plasma cells, which secrete antibodies
B
50
B cells produce ______ cells, which secrete antibodies
Plasma
51
B cells produce plasma cells which in turn secrete what?
Antibodies
52
What do antibodies do?
They mark antigens for destruction y phagocytosis
53
Other lymphoid immune cells include ______ (these phagocytize foreign substances )and ______ cells
Macrophages and Dendritic cells
54
Which lymphoid immune cells capture antigens and deliver them to lymph nodes?
Dendritic cells
55
Which lymphoid immune cells phagocytize foreign substances?
Macrophages
56
What are the supporting lymphoid cells called that produce stroma?
Reticular cells
57
Reticular cells produce reticular fibers called ______ in lymphoid organs to support immune cells
stroma
58
______: network like support that acts as scaffolding for immune cells
Stroma
59
What are the two main functions of lymphoid tissue?
1. House and provide proliferation sites for lymphocytes. | 2. Offer surveillance vantage points for lymphocytes and macrophages as they filter through lymph(fluid)
60
Lymphoid tissue _______ and _______ proliferation sites for lymphocytes
Houses and provides
61
Lymphoid tissue offers surveillance vantage points for ________ and ______ as they filter through lymph
Lymphocytes and macrophages
62
Lymphoid tissue is largely composed of what?
Reticular connective tissue
63
T or F, reticular connective tissue is a type of tight connective tissue?
False, it is a type of loose connective tissue
64
_______ live on the reticular fibers found in lymphoid tissue
Macrophages
65
Macrophages live on _____ _____ found in lymphoid tissue
reticular fibers
66
Spaces between fibers in lymphoid tissue offer a place for ______ to occupy when they return from patrolling the body
lymphocytes
67
What are the two main types of lymphoid tissues?
Diffuse and lymphoid follicles
68
____ lymphoid tissue is the loose arrangement of lymphoid cells and some reticular fibers
Diffuse
69
Which type of lymphoid tissue is found in virtually every organ?
Diffuse lymphoid tissue
70
Which type of lymphoid tissue has larger collections in the lamina propria of mucous membranes?
Diffuse Lymphoid tissue
71
Larger collections of diffuse lymphoid tissue can be found in the _____ ____ of mucous membranes
lamina propria
72
______ ______: solid, spherical bodies consisting of tightly packed lymphoid cells and reticular fibers
Lymphoid follicles
73
What are lymphoid follicles?
Solid, spherical bodies consisting of tightly packed lymphoid cells and reticular fibers
74
Which type of lymphoid tissue contains germinal centers of proliferating B cells?
Lymphoid follicles
75
Which type of lymphoid tissue may form part of larger lymphoid organs (nodes)?
Lymphoid follicles
76
Which type of lymphoid tissue can have isolated aggregations of Payer's patches and is found in the appendix?
Lymphoid follicles
77
How many functional categories do lymphoid organs fall into?
Two
78
_____ lymphoid organs: areas where T and B cells mature
Primary
79
What are the two primary lymphoid organs where T and B cells mature?
Red bone marrow and Thymus
80
Both T and B cells originate in bone marrow, but only ___ cells mature there. ___ cells mature in the thymus
B cells; T cells, thymus.
81
_____ lymphoid organs: areas where mature lymphocytes first encounter their antigen and become activated
secondary
82
Red bone marrow and thymus fall under which functional lymphoid organ category?
Primary
83
Secondary lymphoid organs include the _____, _____, MALT, and diffuse lymphoid tissues
Nodes, spleen, MALT (mucosa associated lymphoid tissue)
84
____ ______ are the principal secondary lymphoid organs of the body
Lymph nodes
85
How many nodes are found throughout the body?
Hundreds
86
Where are most lymph nodes located?
Most are embedded deep in connective tissue in clusters along lymphatic vessels
87
Where are some lymph nodes located?
Some are closer to the body surface in the inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions of the body where collecting vessels converge into trunks
88
What are the two main functions of lymph nodes?
Cleansing the lymph and activating the immune system
89
This function of the lymph nodes act as lymph "filters"
Cleansing the lymph
90
Within this lymph node function, macrophages remove and destroy microorganism and debris that enter lymph
Cleansing the lymph
91
Cleansing the lymph in the lymph nodes results in what?
Preventing unwanted substances from being delivered to blood
92
What do macrophages do in lymph nodes?
Remove and destroy microorganisms and debris that enter lymph
93
The lymph nodes offer a place for lymphocytes to become activated and mount an attack against antigens. This is described as which main function of lymph nodes?
Immune system activation
94
How do lymph nodes work with lymphocytes concerning the immune system?
The lymph nodes offer a place for lymphocytes to become activated and mount an attack against antigens
95
In the lymph nodes, what do lymphocytes do?
Activate and attack antigens
96
are all lymph nodes the same size or do they vary in size and shape?
Vary, but most are bean shaped
97
Small, less than 2.5cm (~1 inch) This describes what?
Avg. size of lymph node
98
What are lymph nodes surrounded by?
An external fibrous capsule
99
Capsule fibers surrounding lymph nodes extend inward as ______ that divide the node into compartments
Trabeculae
100
What divides the lymph node into different compartments?
Trabeculae, which is the capsule fibers extended inward
101
What are Buboes?
Inflamed, swollen, and tender lymph nodes that result when nodes are overwhelmed by what they are trying to destroy
102
"inflamed, swollen, and tender lymph nodes that result when nodes are overwhelmed by what they are trying to destroy" What are they?
Buboes
103
_____ ______ can become secondary cancer sites if metastasizing cancer cells become trapped in node
Lymph nodes
104
Cancer-infiltrated lymph nodes are swollen but not usually painful. Why is this important in the medical field?
Helps distinguish cancerous nodes from those infected by microorganisms

Anatomy and Physiology II LECTURE (18 decks)

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