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Anatomy and Physiology II LECTURE > CH. 17 Blood > Flashcards

CH. 17 Blood Flashcards

Blood

1
Q

_____ is the life-sustaining transport vehicle of the cardiovascular system

A

Blood

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2
Q

“abnormally low O2 carrying capacity” This describes which blood condition?

A

Anemia

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3
Q

What are the causes of anemia?

A

Blood loss, not enough RBC’s produced, or too many RBC’s are being destroyed

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4
Q

Having a low O2 carrying capacity causes the body to be unable to support a normal _________

A

Metabolism

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5
Q

Shivering, hard to breathe, pale, and lethargy. These are symptoms of ________

A

anemia

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6
Q

Blood loss is also called ______ _______

A

hemorrhagic anemia

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7
Q

What is the treatment for hemorrhagic anemia?

A

Blood transfusion

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8
Q

If too many of your RBC’s are being destroyed, you can suffer from _______

A

anemia

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9
Q

Iron deficiency can be caused by three reasons. What are they?

A

Hemorrhagic anemia, low iron intake, or impaired absorption

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10
Q

When looking at a blood slide, what indicates there is an iron deficiency? and what is the name associated?

A

When looking at the RBC’s, smaller ones lack iron and are called Microcytes

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11
Q

What is the autoimmune disease called that destroys the stomach mucosa needed to produce intrinsic factor?

A

Pernicious anemia

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12
Q

Pernicious anemia is an ________ disease that destroys stomach mucosa which produces ____ ____, a type of protein

A

Autoimmune; intrinsic factor

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13
Q

What protein is needed to help absorb B12?

A

Intrinsic factor

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14
Q

What is needed to help RBC’s divide?

A

Vitamin B12

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15
Q

When looking at a blood slide, what indicates pernicious anemia? What is the name associated with what you’re looking at?

A

Pernicious anemia is verified by seeing large RBC’s called Macrocytes.

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16
Q

If pernicious anemia causes B12 to not be absorbed, which means the RBC’s cannot divide, will you see larger or smaller RBC’s on a blood slide?

A

Larger. RBC’s will develop but cannot divide and complete the stages

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17
Q

_____ anemia is caused by a lack of EPO

A

Renal (renal=kidney)

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18
Q

What is the treatment for renal anemia? What does EPO do?

A

Introduce synthetic EPO to stimulate red bone marrow to produce more RBC’s

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19
Q

______ anemia is the destruction or inhibition of red bone marrow

A

Aplastic

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20
Q

_____ anemia has an unknown cause, but is thought to be caused by drugs, ______, radiation, or ________

A

Aplastic; chemicals or viruses

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21
Q

With Aplastic anemia, all _____ _____ cell lines are affected because the red bone marrow is affected

A

Formed elements

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22
Q

Aplastic anemia, along with being anemic in general, results in _______ as well as immunity defects

A

Clotting

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23
Q

What is the treatment for Aplastic Anemia? Short term

A

Transfusions

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24
Q

What is the treatment for Aplastic anemia? Long term.

A

Transfusions and transplanted stem cells

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25
"Premature lysis of RBC's" means......
The cells are destroyed or ruptured
26
How do incompatible transfusions and infections react with RBC's?
Destroys them
27
_______ is typically found in people of mediterranean ancestry
Thalassemia
28
In ______, one globin chain is absent or faulty. With one less available to carry oxygen, this causes thin and delicate RBC's that are deficient in _______
Thalassemia; hemoglobin
29
In thalassemia, what causes the hemoglobin deficient, thin and delicate RBC's associated with the condition?
The absence of one globin chain.
30
What happens to the shape of RBC's with Thalassemia?
They become malformed
31
Only one amino acid is wrong in a globin chain of 146 amino acids.....this describes which anemia?
Sickle-cell
32
Sickle-cell anemia causes sickle-shaped blood cells. These cells rupture easily and also _______ small vessels
Block
33
The result of easily ruptured RBC's and blocked vessels causes what in sickle-cell anemia?
Poor O2 delivery and pain at block site
34
With ___________, the red bone marrow tries to produce more RBC's but cannot keep up, this causes improper growth and pain. Poor O2 delivery results in organ damage and strokes
Sickle-cell anemia
35
Sickle-cell anemia is prevalent in _____ people of the _____ malarial belt
black people; Africa
36
If you have sickle-cell anemia, you are protected against ______
malaria
37
How many people does Malaria kill each year?
One million
38
Treatment for sickle cell?
Transfusions
39
Is sickle cell genetic?
Yes
40
An abnormal amount of excess RBC's is called ______
Polycythemia
41
Excess RBC's increases what?
Blood viscosity
42
______ ______ is a bone marrow cancer leading to excess RBC's
Polycythemia vers
43
With ______ ____, your hematocrit can go up to as high as _____ percent
80
44
What is the treatment for polycythemia vera?
Therapeutic phlebotomy
45
______ ______ is caused by low O2 levels or increased EPO production
secondary polycythemia
46
What is blood doping? Who does it?
Athletes remove, store, and re-infuse RBC's before an event to increase O2 levels for stamina
47
Blood ________, _______, and ________
Transports, regulates, and protects
48
Regulation functions of the blood include:
Maintaining normal pH and maintaining adequate fluid volume in the circulatory system
49
"Preventing blood loss" is a ______ function of blood
protection
50
______ is the only fluid tissue in the body that is also a connective tissue
Blood
51
The matrix of blood is called ______
plasma
52
Is plasma living or non living?
Non living
53
Protection functions of the blood include preventing _______. Agents of immunity are carried in the blood
infection
54
Which cells in the blood protect against infection?
WBC's (leukocytes)
55
Formed elements are:
Living cells: Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
56
Cells are suspended in _______
plasma
57
_____ is sticky, opaque, and has a metallic taste
Blood
58
Plasma is ___ percent of whole blood
55%
59
The buffy coat, less than 1% per ul, contains the ______ and ______
Leukocytes and platelets
60
Plasma is the ____ dense component
least
61
_______ are 45% of blood per ul
Erythrocytes
62
______ are the most dense component of blood
Erythrocytes (RBCS)
63
The color of blood varies with _____ content
O2
64
What is the pH range of blood?
7.35-7.45
65
_____ makes up ~8% of body weight
Blood
66
Blood plasma is ____ colored, sticky, and about ____ percent water
straw; 90%
67
Blood plasma contains over 100 _______ solutes including nutrients, hormones, waste, and inorganic ions (electrolytes)
dissolved
68
What contains over 100 solvents including nutrients, hormones, waste matter, and inorganic ions?
Blood plasma
69
Is blood plasma 90% water or 50%?
90%
70
Per ul of blood, what makes up 55% and what makes up 45%?
55%: plasma. 45%: RBC
71
The most dense component of blood is _____
Erythrocytes
72
<1% of blood per ul contains:
Leukocytes and platelets
73
60% of the plasma proteins is _____
Albumin
74
35% of the plasma protein are _____
Globulins
75
______, which function in blood clotting, make up 4% of the plasma proteins found in blood plasma
Fibrinogens
76
Only _______ are complete cells within the formed elements
WBC's
77
Most ______ _____ survive in blood stream for only a few days
formed elements
78
Most blood cells originate in ____ ____ and do not divide
Bone marrow
79
_____ are small-diameter cells that contribute to gas transport
Erythrocytes
80
Erythrocytes are filled with ______ to help with gas transport
Hemoglobin
81
What makes blood red?
Hemoglobin
82
Each Hb Molecule can transport ____ O2 molecules
Four
83
Each RBC contains how many Hb molecules?
250million
84
________ is the formation of all blood cells
Hematopoiesis
85
Hematopoiesis occurs where?
in the red bone marrow
86
Hemocytoblasts are also called
Hematopoietic stem cells
87
Erythropoiesis, the process of formation of RBC's, takes about ____ days
15
88
Too few RBC's lead to tissue _____
hypoxia
89
Dietary requirements for _______ include amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates
Erythropoiesis
90
Vitamin b12 and folic acid are necessary for what?
DNA synthesis for rapidly dividing cells such as developing RBC's
91
Name the three steps involved in hemostasis
1. Vascular Spasm 2. platelet plug formation 3. Coagulation

Anatomy and Physiology II LECTURE (18 decks)

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