Ch.27 Reproductive system

Question 1

What are the male accessory reproductive organs?

Answer 1

Ducts, glands, and external genitalia

Question 2

What are the male accessory sex glands?

Answer 2

Seminal glands, prostate, and bulbo-urethral glands

Question 3

The ______ is a sac of skin and superficial fascia. It is __ ‘C lower than core body temperature. The lower temperature is necessary for sperm production

Answer 3

scrotum; 3 degrees C

Question 4

Septa divides testis into _____ lobules, each containing one to four seminiferous tubules

Answer 4

250

Question 5

Which part of the testes is the site of sperm production?

Answer 5

Seminiferous tubules

Question 6

The upper part of the internal scrotum contains the ______ of the epididymis and the bottom portion contains the _____ of the epididymis

Answer 6

Head; tail

Question 7

Sperm is conveyed from the seminiferous tubules to straight tubule, and from there goes to the ____ ____, then to the ____ ____, and ends up in the epididymis

Answer 7

rete testis, efferent ductules

Question 8

Testicular cancer is most common in which age range?

Answer 8

15-35

Question 9

Being _____, which is when your testes don’t drop, is the most common risk factor when considering testicular cancer

Answer 9

cryptorchid

Question 10

Ducts carry sperm to the epididymis, and it is then sent up through the ____ _____, through the ejaculatory duct, and then dow and out the ________

Answer 10

ductus deferens; urethra

Question 11

The ______ glands produce viscous alkaline seminal fluid. It contains fructose, citric acid, and prostaglandins. The yellow pigment fluoresces with UV light. It comprises 70% of semen

Answer 11

Seminal glands

Question 12

The duct of the ______ gland joins the ductus deferent to form ejaculatory duct

Answer 12

seminal

Question 13

The ______ is the size of a peach pit. Encircles the urethra inferior to the bladder. Consists of smooth muscle that contracts during ejaculation

Answer 13

Prostate

Question 14

The ______ secretes milky, slightly acidic fluid. Contains citrate, enzymes, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Plays a role in sperm activation. Enters prostatic urethra during ejaculation. Makes up 1/3 of semen volume

Answer 14

Prostate

Question 15

______ cancer is treated with surgery and sometimes radiation, castration, and drugs.

Answer 15

Prostate

Question 16

What treatment is done for prostate cancer in clinical trials?

Answer 16

Cryosurgery, chemotherapy, and ultrasound

Question 17

Which glands produce thick, clear mucus during sexual arousal? It neutralizes traces of acidic urine in urethra

Answer 17

Bulbo-urethral glands

Question 18

_____ is the milky-white mixture of sperm and accessory gland secretions

Answer 18

Semen

Question 19

How much semen is ejaculated? How much sperm does it contain?

Answer 19

2-5ml. 20-150million sperm per ml

Question 20

______ contains fructose for ATP production, protects and activates sperm, and facilitates sperm movement. Alkaline fluid neutralizes acidity of male urethra and female vagina, and enhances motility

Answer 20

Semen

Question 21

________ contains prostaglandins that decrease the viscosity of mucus in the cervix and stimulates reverse peristalsis in uterus.

Answer 21

Semen

Question 22

______ contains the hormone relaxin and other enzymes that enhance sperm motility

Answer 22

Semen

Question 23

_______ contains ATP for energy

Answer 23

Semen

Question 24

_________ is the production of sperm in the seminiferous tubules

Answer 24

Spermatogenesis

Question 25

Sperm is also called _______

Answer 25

spermatozoa

Question 26

Most body cells have 46 chromosomes. One maternal, one paternal. This is called ______ ______. It is referred to as the diploid chromosomal number (2n)

Answer 26

homologous chromosomes

Question 27

______ have only 23 chromosomes. They are called _____ _______ number (n)

Answer 27

Gametes. Haploid chromosomal number

Question 28

What happens in Meiosis I, Prophase I?

Answer 28

The homologous chromosomes pair up, forming tetrads consisting of four chromatids

Question 29

What happens during metaphase I? What happens after that during anaphase I?

Answer 29

tetrads line up randomly at spindle equator, and then, (anaphase) sister chromatids of one homologous chromosome are separated from sister chromatids of other

Question 30

What is the result at the end of meiosis I?

Answer 30

Each daughter cell has two copies of one member of each homologous pair, and none of the other.

Question 31

Meiosis I accomplishes which two important tasks?

Answer 31

1. Reduces chromosomal number by half | 2. Introduces gene variability

Question 32

"production of female gametes that take up to years to complete."

Answer 32

Oognesis

Question 33

"(2n Ovarian stem cells) multiply by mitosis and store nutrients."

Answer 33

Oogonia

Question 34

"develops into primordial follicles that become surrounded by follicle cells."

Answer 34

Primary oocyte

Question 35

"earliest stage of development for a follicle."

Answer 35

Primordial follicle

Question 36

"the follicle selected to release an egg."

Answer 36

Dominant follicle

Question 37

"pigmented skin that surrounds around the nipple."

Answer 37

Areola

Question 38

"Vesicular follicle growth (days 1-4)."

Answer 38

Follicular phase

Question 39

"period of corpus luteum activity (days 14-28)."

Answer 39

Luteal phase

Question 40

"Cyclic series of changes in endometrium that occur in response to fluctuating ovarian hormone levels."

Answer 40

Uterine cycle

Question 41

What is the most common STI?

Answer 41

Chlamydia

Question 42

What percentage of females have a 28 day ovarian cycle?

Answer 42

10-15%

Question 43

What are two effects of estrogen on the metabolism?

Answer 43

Increase Ca+2 uptake, and maintains low cholesterol levels in the blood

Question 44

T or F, gonadotropin levels begin to rise in the proliferative phase

Answer 44

F--menstrual phase

Question 45

What hormone is mainly secreted by the corpus luteum? What is one effect prompted by this hormone release?

Answer 45

Progesterone. The functional layer of the endometrium becomes a secretory mucosa. OR, Endometrial glands enlarge and secrete nutrients into uterine cavity.

Question 46

``` Which of the following are caused by Viral Infection? A) Syphilis B) Genital Warts C) Genital Herpes D) Both B & C ```

Answer 46

B & C

Question 47

T/F, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, and Chlamydia can be treated with antibiotics.

Answer 47

True

Question 48

______ produces one viable ovum with three polar bodies

Answer 48

oogenesis

Question 49

Why is it necessary for there to be one ovum with three smaller bodies?

Answer 49

Unequal divisions ensures the oocyte has ample nutrients for the journey to the uterus

Question 50

________ produces four viable sperm while oogenesis only produces ____ viable ovum

Answer 50

Spermatogenesis; one

Question 51

The ______ phase varies, but the luteal phase is always 14 days from ovulation to end of cycle

Answer 51

follicular

Question 52

One more than one layer of cells are present, follicular cells are now called _______ cells

Answer 52

granulosa

Question 53

The secondary becomes the vesicular follicle when clear fluid begins to accumulate between granulosa cells. The ______ is then formed when the fluid coalesces.

Answer 53

Antrum

Question 54

The isolated oocyte with its surrounding granulosa cells is called the _____ _____

Answer 54

corona radiata

Question 55

During the ______ phase, several vesicular follicles are stimulated to grow. Triggered by rising levels of FSH. However, ______ levels drop around the middle of the follicular phase so that only one antral follicle is selected to continue on

Answer 55

Follicular; FSH

Question 56

After dominant follicle is selected, the primary oocyte of that follicle completes what?

Answer 56

Meiosis I with a polar body

Question 57

After the primary oocyte completes meiosis I with a polar body, the ______ cells then send a signal to the oocyte, causing it to stop at which meiosis II phase?

Answer 57

Granulosa cells; metaphase II

Question 58

Once the granulosa cells signal the P.O to stop at metaphase II, LH causes ovary wall to rupture, expelling the now called ______ oocyte

Answer 58

secondary

Question 59

After ovulation, the ruptured follicle collapses and antrum fills with clotted blood. This is referred to as _____ ______. It will be absorbed.

Answer 59

Corpus hemorrhagicum

Question 60

After ovulation, the remaining granulosa cells and internal thecal cells enlarge to form the ______ _____

Answer 60

Corpus luteum

Question 61

What does the corpus luteum secrete?

Answer 61

Progesterone and little estrogen

Question 62

The corpus luteum degenerates into the ____ ____ in 10 days if no pregnancy occurs

Answer 62

corpus albicans

Question 63

_____ stimulates FSH and LH secretion

Answer 63

GnRH

Question 64

LH prods thecal cells to produce ________, which granulosa converts to estrogens

Answer 64

androgens

Question 65

Which hormone maintains pregnancy if it occurs? and what secretes the hormone until the placenta takes over?

Answer 65

Progesterone secreted by corpus luteum