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Microbiology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Made first vaccination

A

Jenner

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1
Q

Proved hand washing beneficial?

A

Semmelweis

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2
Q

Disproved the theory of spontaneous generation with bent test tubes

A

Pasteur

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3
Q

DNA neucleotides

A
  • deoxyribose
  • sugar
  • phosphate
  • nitrogen base
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4
Q

DNA pairs

A

A-T
C-G

No proteins!!!

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5
Q

Do lipids have monomers?

A

No

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6
Q

What are the functions of lipids?

A
  • energy
  • cell membrane (phospolipids)
  • deoxyribose
  • ribose
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7
Q

Do carbohydrates have monomers?

A

Yes monosaccharides

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8
Q

Function of carbohydrates?

A
  • energy
  • cell wall (peptidoglycan)
  • deoxyribose
  • ribose
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9
Q

Assume E. coli is grown in a nutrient medium containing the radioisotope 16N. After a 48-hour incubation period the 16N would most likely be found in the E. coli’s __.

A

proteins

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10
Q

The electrons located on the outermost shell of an atom are known as the __ electrons.

A

Valence

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11
Q

One isotope of iodine differs from another in __

A

Number of Neutrons

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12
Q

If Pseudomonas bacteria are supplied with radioactively labeled adenine, after a 24-hour incubation period this adenine would more likely be found in the cell’s __.

A

DNA

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13
Q

Which of the following are the “building blocks” or monomers of proteins?

a) nucleotides
b) peptides
c) amino acids
d) fatty acids

A

Amino Acids`

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14
Q

Which of the following nitrogenous bases is NOT found in an RNA molecule?

a) uracil
b) guanina
c) thymine
d) adenine

A

Thymine

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15
Q

A bond formed from the attraction between ions of opposite charge is called a(n)__.

A

Ionic Charge

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16
Q

Water has an unequal distribution of charges and is called a(n) __.

A

Polar Molecule

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17
Q

In a synthesis reaction, __.

A

atoms, ions, or molecules are combined to form a larger molecule.

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18
Q

You are observing a Gram stain of spherical-shaped microorganisms that are linked in a chain and stain purple. How would you describe these bacteria using the correct terminology for the cell shape and arrangement?

A

gram positive streptococci

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19
Q

Which of the following statements accurately describes specific bacterial cell walls?

a) Gram-negative bacterial cell walls contain teichoic acids, whereas the cell walls of gram-positive bacteria do not.
b) In bacteria with acid-fast cell walls, the carboxylic acid in the walls forms a layer outside a thin layer of hydrophilic polypeptides.
c) The cell walls of gram-negative bacteria contain many more layers of peptidoglycan than those of gram-positive bacteria.
d) In gram-negative bacteria, the thin layer of peptidoglycan is surrounded by an external membrane made of phospholipids, lipopolysaccharides, and proteins.

A

In gram-negative bacteria, the thin layer of peptidoglycan is surrounded by an external membrane made of phospholipids, lipopolysaccharides, and proteins.

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20
Q

Which of the following is found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells but is ABSENT from the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells?

a) Enzymes
b) Cytoskeleton
c) Water
d) DNA

A

DNA

21
Q

Which of the following types of bacterial cells would have flagella located at only one end of the cell?

a) peritrichious
b) monotrichious
c) monotrichious and lophotrichious
d) amphitrichious
e) lophotrichious

A

monotrichious and lophotrichious

22
Q

Which of the following molecules is shared by both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms?

a) lipopolysaccharid
b) N-acetylmuramic acid
c) lipid A
d) lipoteichoic acids

A

N-acetylmuramic acid

23
Q

Which structural feature of Gram-positive bacteria enhances their ability to retain the crystal violet dye?

a) an endotoxin
b) a thick layer of peptidoglycan
c) a thin layer of peptidoglycan
d) an outer membrane

A

a thick layer of peptidoglycan

24
Q

What is the role of iodine in the Gram stain process?

A

Iodine is a mordant in the Gram stain technique, which functions to intensify the primary stain.

25
Q

The acid-fast technique is an important diagnostic tool in patients who have __.

A

TB

26
Q

What is the function and chemical composition of flagella?

A

movement, protein

27
Q

Do Proteins have monomers?

A

Yes, Amino Acids

28
Q

What is the function of protein?

A

Structure
Transport
Enzymes
Toxins

29
Q

Do Neucleic acids have monomers?

A

Yes, Nucleotides

30
Q

What is ATP?

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

-Energy

31
Q

Arrangements viewed in stains?

A
  • Singles
  • Strepto (chain)
  • Diplo (2)
  • Tetrad (4)
  • Sarcina (8)
  • Staphyl (cluster)
32
Q

Peptidoglycan in a gram positive stain?

A

Thick Peptidoglycan

33
Q

Peptidoglycan in a gram negative stain?

A

Thin Peptidoglycan

34
Q

Reagents of gram stains

A

ORDER

  • Crystal violet (Primary)
  • Iodine
  • Alcohol/acetone mix
  • Safranin (Secondary)
35
Q

2 Groups of Acid fast stains?

A
  • Acid fast (Mycolic acids) retains the stain.

- Nonacid fast (No mycolic acids)

36
Q

Color for gram positive stain?

A

Purple

37
Q

Color for gram negative stain?

A

Pink

38
Q

Color for acid fast stain?

A

Redish

39
Q

Color for endospore stain?

A

Malachite green

40
Q

Example of a prokaryote?

A

Bacteria

41
Q

Is a prokaryote unicellular or multi?

A

Unicellular

42
Q

What makes up the cell walls of prokaryotes?

A

Peptidoglycan

43
Q

Does a prokaryote have a nucleus?

A

NO

44
Q

Reproduction of Prokaryote?

A

Sexual

45
Q

Example of Eukaryotes?

A

Amoeba

46
Q

Are Eukaryotes unicellular or multi?

A

Multicellular

47
Q

What makes up the cell walls of Eukaryotes?

A

Cellulose

48
Q

Do Eukaryotes have a nucleus

A

YES

49
Q

Reproduciton of Eukaryote?

A

Sexual and Nonsexual

50
Q

4 types of flagella

A
  • Peritricchous- All around
  • Lophotrichous and polar- More than one on one end
  • Monotrichous and polar- 1 on one end
  • Amphitrichous and polar-

Microbiology (13 decks)

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