Chapter 13

Question 1

Are viruses cellular or acellular?

Answer 1

Acellular. Do not have a cell membrane

Question 2

Infectious proteins

Answer 2

Prions

Question 3

Have either RNA or DNA

Answer 3

Viruses

Question 4

A submicroscopic, parasitic, filterable agent consisting of a nucleic acid surrounding by a protein coat.

Answer 4

Virus

Question 5

Viruses that infect bacteria

Answer 5

Bacteriophages

Question 6

Proved that bacteriophages are essential for the growth of bacteria and microscopic plankton.

Answer 6

Bratbak

Question 7

Determined that each bacterium can only be infected with a specific type of phage.

Answer 7

Felix Twort and Flix d’Herelle

Question 8

1918 spanish flu pandemic. Affected young adults.

Answer 8

Influenza

Question 9

Affected FDR (President). Citiy officials responded with methods used to successfully rid of other epidemics. None worked. Spread by human feces. Vaccine declared safe in 1955.

Answer 9

Polio

Question 10

Incubation period of 2-21 days. Humans not infectious until they develop symptoms. (VERY like symptoms to other illness.) Internal and external bleeding.

Answer 10

Ebola

Question 11

Nonliving characteristics of viruses

Answer 11

• Acellular
• Carryout no metabolism of their own
• Poses either DNA or RNA

Question 12

Living characteristics of viruses

Answer 12

• Reproduce at a very high rate

- Mutate

Question 13

Are viruses bigger or smaller than bacteria?

Answer 13

Smaller

Question 14

Extracellular state of a virus. Also known as complete.

Answer 14

Virion

Question 15

How are viruses distinguished?

Answer 15

• Type of genetic material they contain.
• Type of cells they attack.
• Size of virus.
• Nature of capsid coat.
• Shape of virus.
• If it has a envelope or not.

Question 16

What kind of DNA and RNA is found in viruses?

Answer 16

Double stranded and single stranded. Single or segmented pieces of nucleic acid. Strands can be positive or negative. DNA goes to nucleus. RNA goes to cytoplasm.

Question 17

Virus effects helper T cells. Causes a compromised immune system.

Answer 17

HIV

Question 18

Protein coats that provide protection for viral nucleic acid and attachment to host’s cells.

Answer 18

Capsids

Question 19

Units of capsids

Answer 19

Capsomere

Question 20

Are spikes viral coded?

Answer 20

Yes

Question 21

Where to RNA viruses replicate?

Answer 21

Cytoplasm

Question 22

Where do DNA viruses replicate?

Answer 22

Nucleus

Question 23

Steps of Lytic phase of bacteriophages.

Answer 23

Attachment
Penetration 
Synthesis 
Assemply
Release

Question 24

Participate in lysogenic cycle

Answer 24

Temperate (Lamda)

Question 25

How do bacteriophages attach?

Answer 25

Tail fibers

Question 26

How do Animal viruses attach?

Answer 26

Spikes and capsids

Question 27

How do bacteriophages penetrate?

Answer 27

Inject DNA

Question 28

How do animal viruses penetrate?

Answer 28

Inject DNA, endocytosis

Question 29

Sites of synthesis assembly of bacteriophages?

Answer 29

Cytoplasm (Do not have a nucleus)

Question 30

Site of synthesis assembly of Animal viruses

Answer 30

DNA- Nucleus

RNA- Cytoplasm

Question 31

Release state of Bacteriophages

Answer 31

Lytic

Question 32

Release state of Animal viruses

Answer 32

Lytic, budding out

Question 33

How are viruses grown in a lab?

Answer 33

• In whole organisms

- In Cell cultures

Question 34

What is a plaque on a plate?

Answer 34

Places where bacteria have died.

Question 35

Infectious protein. No nucleic acid.

Answer 35

Prion

Question 36

Incubation period for Prion diseases?

Answer 36

20-50 years.

Question 37

How are prions deactivated?

Answer 37

Incineration and autoclave at 134 celcius for 4 hours.